ArticleBMC pediatrics2014
Patterns of nutrients' intake at six months in the northeast of Italy: a cohort study.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of Lactoferrin-Fortified Formula with Infant Growth and Gut Microbiota: A Real-World Observational Study.Nutrients · 2025Observational
- Socio-cultural factors shaping complementary feeding initiation: a contextual analysis of maternal education, employment, and family support.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Determinants of infants and young children feeding practices among mothers living in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Observational
- The economic value of human milk from three cohort studies in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Article
- TAS2R38 bitter taste genotype is associated with complementary feeding behavior in infants.Genes & nutrition · 2019Article
- Nutrient intakes in an Italian population of infants during the complementary feeding period.Public health nutrition · 2018Article
- Article
- Diet diversity, growth and adiposity in healthy breastfed infants fed homemade complementary foods.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2017Observational
- Introduction of Complementary Foods in a Cohort of Infants in Northeast Italy: Do Parents Comply with WHO Recommendations?Nutrients · 2017Article
- Energy and macronutrient intakes and adherence to dietary guidelines of infants and toddlers in Belgium.European journal of nutrition · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAdequate complementary feeding is recognized as an important predictor of health later in life. The objective of this study was to describe the feeding practices and nutrients' intake, and their association with breastfeeding at six months of age, in a cohort of infants enrolled at birth in the maternity hospital of Trieste, Italy.
methodsOut of 400 infants enrolled at birth, 268 (67%) had complete data gathered through a 24-hour feeding diary on three separate days at six months, and two questionnaires administered at birth and at six months. Data from feeding diaries were used to estimate nutrients' intakes using the Italian food composition database included in the software. To estimate the quantity of breastmilk, information was gathered on the frequency and length of breastfeeds.
resultsAt six months, 70% of infants were breastfed and 94% were given complementary foods. The average daily caloric intake was higher in non-breastfed (723 Kcal) than in breastfed infants (547 Kcal, p < 0.001) due to energy provided by complementary foods (321 vs. 190 Kcal, p < 0.001) and milk (363 vs. 301 Kcal, p = 0.007). Non-breastfed infants had also higher intakes of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The mean intake of macronutrients was within recommended ranges in both groups, except for the higher protein intake in non-breastfed infants. These consumed significantly higher quantities of commercial baby foods than breastfed infants.
conclusionsContrary to what is recommended, 94% of infants were not exclusively breastfed and were given complementary foods at six months. The proportion of daily energy intake from complementary foods was around 50% higher than recommended and with significant differences between breastfed and non-breastfed infants, with possible consequences for future nutrition and health.
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