ArticleCardiovascular diabetology2014
Effects of metformin and exercise training, alone or in association, on cardio-pulmonary performance and quality of life in insulin resistance patients.
Article in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors on cardiorespiratory fitness capacity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Amount and intensity effects of exercise training alone versus a combined diet and exercise lifestyle intervention on health-related quality of life in the STRRIDE-PD randomized trial.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2022Trial
- The effects of metformin and exercise training on cardiorespiratory, blood pressure, and metabolic adaptations across the spectrum of glucose dysregulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR).The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2025Review
- Article
- Impact of Endurance Exercise Training on Biomarkers of Aortic Endothelial Damage in Diabetic Rats.Cardiovascular therapeutics · 2024Article
- Article
- Impact of diabetes on cardiopulmonary function: the added value of a combined cardiopulmonary and echocardiography stress test.Heart failure reviews · 2023Review
- Overweight and Obese Adult Patients Show Larger Benefits from Concurrent Training Compared with Pharmacological Metformin Treatment on Insulin Resistance and Fat Oxidation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Impact of BMI, Physical Activity, and Sitting Time Levels on Health-Related Outcomes in a Group of Overweight and Obese Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2022Article
- Cardiometabolism as an Interlocking Puzzle between the Healthy and Diseased Heart: New Frontiers in Therapeutic Applications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Interaction Between Non-Insulin Glucose-Lowering Medication and Exercise in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - New Findings on SGLT2 Inhibitors.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Exercise-Pharmacology Interactions: Metformin, Statins, and Healthspan.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Review
- Effects of the combination of metformin and exercise on glycated hemoglobin, functional capacity, lipid profile, quality of life, and body weight.The Journal of international medical research · 2019Article
- Effects of glucose-lowering agents on cardiorespiratory fitness.World journal of diabetes · 2018Review
- Back to basics with active lifestyles: exercise is more effective than metformin to reduce cardiovascular risk in older adults with type 2 diabetes.Biology of sport · 2018Article
- AMPK in skeletal muscle function and metabolism.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2018Review
- Mechanisms of Aerobic Exercise Impairment in Diabetes: A Narrative Review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2018Review
- Effects of Metformin and Exercise Training, Alone or in Combination, on Cardiac Function in Individuals with Insulin Resistance.Cardiology and therapy · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMetformin (MET) therapy exerts positive effects improving glucose tolerance and preventing the evolution toward diabetes in insulin resistant patients. It has been shown that adding MET to exercise training does not improve insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of MET and exercise training alone or in combination on maximal aerobic capacity and, as a secondary end-point on quality of life indexes in individuals with insulin resistance.
methods75 insulin resistant patients were enrolled and subsequently assigned to MET (M), MET with exercise training (MEx), and exercise training alone (Ex). 12-weeks of supervised exercise-training program was carried out in both Ex and MEx groups. Cardiopulmonary exercise test and SF-36 to evaluate Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) was performed at basal and after 12-weeks of treatment.
resultsCardiopulmonary exercise test showed a significant increase of peak VO2 in Ex and MEx whereas M showed no improvement of peak VO2 (∆ VO2 [CI 95%] Ex +0.26 [0.47 to 0.05] l/min; ∆ VO2 MEx +0.19 [0.33 to 0.05] l/min; ∆ VO2 M -0.09 [-0.03 to -0.15] l/min; M vs E p < 0.01; M vs MEx p < 0.01; MEx vs Ex p = ns). SF-36 highlighted a significant increase in general QoL index in the MEx (58.3 ± 19 vs 77.3 ± 16; p < 0.01) and Ex (62.1 ± 17 vs 73.7 ± 12; p < 0.005) groups.
conclusionsWe evidenced that cardiopulmonary negative effects showed by MET therapy may be counterbalanced with the combination of exercise training. Given that exercise training associated with MET produced similar effects to exercise training alone in terms of maximal aerobic capacity and HRQoL, programmed exercise training remains the first choice therapy in insulin resistant patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.