ArticlePeerJ2014
Multi-gene analysis of Symbiodinium dinoflagellates: a perspective on rarity, symbiosis, and evolution.
Article in PeerJ, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advancing Symbiodiniaceae Functional Ecology Through a Trait-Based Framework.Ecology and evolution · 2026Review
- Thermal responses and Symbiodiniaceae shuffling in a Red Sea foraminifer holobiont.ISME communications · 2026Article
- Marine Heatwaves Transform Coral Symbioses With Enduring Effects.Ecology letters · 2025Article
- Article
- Building consensus around the assessment and interpretation of Symbiodiniaceae diversity.PeerJ · 2023Article
- Cophylogeny and specificity between cryptic coral species (Pocillopora spp.) at Mo'orea and their symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae).Molecular ecology · 2022Article
- The coral symbiont Candidatus Aquarickettsia is variably abundant in threatened Caribbean acroporids and transmitted horizontally.The ISME journal · 2022Article
- Gene clusters for biosynthesis of mycosporine-like amino acids in dinoflagellate nuclear genomes: Possible recent horizontal gene transfer between species of Symbiodiniaceae (Dinophyceae).Journal of phycology · 2022Review
- Article
- Alignment-Free Analysis of Whole-Genome Sequences From Symbiodiniaceae Reveals Different Phylogenetic Signals in Distinct Regions.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Using RDNA sequences to define dinoflagellate species.PloS one · 2022Article
- Article
- A New Dinoflagellate Genome Illuminates a Conserved Gene Cluster Involved in Sunscreen Biosynthesis.Genome biology and evolution · 2021Article
- Uncovering the role of Symbiodiniaceae assemblage composition and abundance in coral bleaching response by minimizing sampling and evolutionary biases.BMC microbiology · 2020Article
- Article
- Correlation between Organelle Genetic Variation and RNA Editing in Dinoflagellates Associated with the Coral Acropora digitifera.Genome biology and evolution · 2020Article
- Genome Size, rDNA Copy, and qPCR Assays for Symbiodiniaceae.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Evolution of Photosynthetic Eukaryotes; Current Opinion, Perplexity, and a New Perspective.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2020Article
- SymPortal: A novel analytical framework and platform for coral algal symbiont next-generation sequencing ITS2 profiling.Molecular ecology resources · 2019Article
- Unique quantitative Symbiodiniaceae signature of coral colonies revealed through spatio-temporal survey in Moorea.Scientific reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Symbiodinium, a large group of dinoflagellates, live in symbiosis with marine protists, invertebrate metazoans, and free-living in the environment. Symbiodinium are functionally variable and play critical energetic roles in symbiosis. Our knowledge of Symbiodinium has been historically constrained by the limited number of molecular markers available to study evolution in the genus. Here we compare six functional genes, representing three cellular compartments, in the nine known Symbiodinium lineages. Despite striking similarities among the single gene phylogenies from distinct organelles, none were evolutionarily identical. A fully concatenated reconstruction, however, yielded a well-resolved topology identical to the current benchmark nr28S gene. Evolutionary rates differed among cellular compartments and clades, a pattern largely driven by higher rates of evolution in the chloroplast genes of Symbiodinium clades D2 and I. The rapid rates of evolution observed amongst these relatively uncommon Symbiodinium lineages in the functionally critical chloroplast may translate into potential innovation for the symbiosis. The multi-gene analysis highlights the potential power of assessing genome-wide evolutionary patterns using recent advances in sequencing technology and emphasizes the importance of integrating ecological data with more comprehensive sampling of free-living and symbiotic Symbiodinium in assessing the evolutionary adaptation of this enigmatic dinoflagellate.
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