Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2014
Enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer before chemotherapy.
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 8 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,402 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Prevail: a multinational phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy and safety study of oral mdv3100 in chemotherapy-naïve patients with progressive metastatic prostate cancer who have failed androgen deprivation therapy
Bone Response After Luteinizing Hormone-releasing Hormone Analogue and Enzalutamide +/- Zoledronic Acid in Prostate Cancer Patients With Hormone Sensitive Metastatic Bone Disease: a Prospective, Phase II, Randomized, Multicenter Study
A Phase I Trial of Fractionated Docetaxel and Radium 223 in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC)
A Randomized Phase II Trial Comparing Biomarker Directed Therapy Versus Clinician's Choice of Enzalutamide or Docetaxel in Patients With Advanced Prostate Cancer Post Abiraterone
Patient Preference of Apalutamide Versus Enzalutamide in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: An Open-label, Randomized, Cross-Over Trial.
An Open-label, Phase I/IIa Dose Escalation and Expansion Study to Determine the Safety and Clinical Activity of an Immune Priming Cell Therapy (INKmune) in Patients With Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC)
The Impact of Circadian Rhythm-Based Medication Timing Adjustment on the Efficacy and Safety of Novel Hormonal Therapy
Radioterapia estereotáctica Fraccionada más antiandrógeno de Segunda generación Para Pacientes oligometastásicos Con cáncer de próstata Resistente a la castración. Estudio español Fase II, Prospectivo, multicéntrico.
Who cites it
1,402 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Risk of bone fractures in patients with prostate cancer treated with maximal androgen blockade therapy: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of first-line treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer based on phase II and III randomized controlled trials: A PROSTA-MAP systematic review and network meta-analysis.Chinese medical journal · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant therapies for high-risk and locally advanced prostate cancer in older adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- The current landscape of stereotactic body radiation therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Cabazitaxel versus abiraterone or enzalutamide for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer following docetaxel failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Pooled it
- Recommendations from the Galician Oncological Society and the Galician Society of Nuclear Medicine for the use ofClinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Guideline
- Exosomal Liquid Biopsy in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review of Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Intensification Approaches and Treatment Sequencing in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review.European urology · 2025Pooled it
- Time for action: actinium-225 PSMA-targeted alpha therapy for metastatic prostate cancer - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Theranostics · 2025Pooled it
- Meta-analysis to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of enzalutamide and abiraterone acetate for first-line treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in real-world settings.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Spray Drying for Pharmaceutical Raw Materials: A Systematic Review on Enhancing Bioavailability and Stability.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative effectiveness of first-line systemic treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases on Enzalutamide and Abiraterone Treatment in Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.JMA journal · 2026Trial
- The Lowest PSA Level Achieved Before CRPC Predicts Abiraterone Response But Not Enzalutamide Response in Metastatic CRPC.The Prostate · 2026Trial
- Sequential Enzalutamide-Docetaxel Versus Abiraterone-Docetaxel Therapy in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Subanalysis of the ENABLE Study.International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association · 2026Trial
- Evolution of AR and Non-AR Alterations in ctDNA of Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer Treated in the Phase III Alliance A031201 Trial.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Trial
- Radiographic Progression With and Without Prostate-Specific Antigen Rise in Patients With Advanced Prostate Cancer Treated With Enzalutamide.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2026Trial
- Enzalutamide Monotherapy for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer With High-Risk Biochemical Recurrence: EMBARK Secondary End Points.The Journal of urology · 2026Trial
- Rezvilutamide plus docetaxel in chemotherapy-naive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients after progression on abiraterone: A multi-centre, open-label, phase II trial.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Trial
1,342 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
29 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEnzalutamide is an oral androgen-receptor inhibitor that prolongs survival in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in whom the disease has progressed after chemotherapy. New treatment options are needed for patients with metastatic prostate cancer who have not received chemotherapy, in whom the disease has progressed despite androgen-deprivation therapy.
methodsIn this double-blind, phase 3 study, we randomly assigned 1717 patients to receive either enzalutamide (at a dose of 160 mg) or placebo once daily. The coprimary end points were radiographic progression-free survival and overall survival.
resultsThe study was stopped after a planned interim analysis, conducted when 540 deaths had been reported, showed a benefit of the active treatment. The rate of radiographic progression-free survival at 12 months was 65% among patients treated with enzalutamide, as compared with 14% among patients receiving placebo (81% risk reduction; hazard ratio in the enzalutamide group, 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15 to 0.23; P<0.001). A total of 626 patients (72%) in the enzalutamide group, as compared with 532 patients (63%) in the placebo group, were alive at the data-cutoff date (29% reduction in the risk of death; hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.84; P<0.001). The benefit of enzalutamide was shown with respect to all secondary end points, including the time until the initiation of cytotoxic chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.35), the time until the first skeletal-related event (hazard ratio, 0.72), a complete or partial soft-tissue response (59% vs. 5%), the time until prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression (hazard ratio, 0.17), and a rate of decline of at least 50% in PSA (78% vs. 3%) (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Fatigue and hypertension were the most common clinically relevant adverse events associated with enzalutamide treatment.
conclusionsEnzalutamide significantly decreased the risk of radiographic progression and death and delayed the initiation of chemotherapy in men with metastatic prostate cancer. (Funded by Medivation and Astellas Pharma; PREVAIL ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01212991.).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.