Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24880830›Full record

ArticleLancet (London, England)2014

Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.

Marie Ng, Tom Fleming, Margaret Robinson, Blake Thomson, Nicholas Graetz, Christopher Margono, Erin C Mullany, Stan Biryukov, Cristiana Abbafati, Semaw Ferede Abera and 130 more

Erratum issued 13 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Lancet (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 13 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 5,225 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5,225citing papers in PubMed, 15 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04151459 naunknown statusstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) on Live Birth Rate of Offspring in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Patients With Severely Obese

Ran2019Enrolled18Registered outcomes3Posted comparisons0ConditionsLaparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Severe ObesityArmsMetformin
PMID 26431698PMID 23814096PMID 27799625PMID 27052492PMID 24694334other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT02677558 completednot on this mapstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation

The Impact of Obesity on Cardiac Function in Pregnancy

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of Cape TownRan2016 to 2016Enrolled80ConditionsPregnancy, ObesityArmsTransthoracic Echocardiography
NCT03106584 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2017, after this paper: background citation

Investigating the Potential for Marigot's Nutrition Supplement to Improve Symptoms and Physical Function in Those With Mild to Moderate Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) Versus the Current Market Leader (Glucosamine Sulphate)

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity College DublinRan2017 to 2017Enrolled30ConditionsKnee OsteoarthritisArmsAquamin-Plus, Glucosamine sulphate
NCT03261466 phase4completednot on this map

BIFI-OBESE: Effect of Probiotic Bifidobacterium Breve BR03 and Bifidobacterium Breve B632 in Paediatric Obesity

TypeinterventionalSponsorAzienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della CaritaRan2013 to 2017Enrolled100ConditionsObesity, ChildhoodArmsBifidobacterium breve BR03 and Bifidobacterium breve B632, Placebos
NCT03394963 completednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Scientific Foundations for Developing and Validating Food-based Dietary Guidelines and a Healthy Eating Index for Ethiopia

TypeobservationalSponsorEthiopian Public Health InstituteRan2019 to 2022Enrolled500ConditionsHealthyArmsFood-based dietary guidelines for healthier diet
NCT04029532 completednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Factors Associated With Obesity in Adult Women: Respiratory Exchange Ratio, Heart Rate Variation and Body Image

TypeobservationalSponsorNational Taiwan University HospitalRan2019 to 2020Enrolled121ConditionsObesityArmsRespiratory exchange ratio, Heart rate variability, Body composition, Eating behavior, Physical activity recall
NCT04524130 phase4completednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

The Effect of Intraoperative Lidocaine Infusion and Intraoperative Lidocaine Combined With Ketamine Infusion on Opioid Consumption After Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorMahidol UniversityRan2021 to 2025Enrolled87ConditionsLaparoscopic Bariatric SurgeryArmsLidocaine Hydrochloride, Ketamine, Placebo
NCT04742010 phase2completednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Zoledronic Acid for Prevention of Bone Loss After BAriatric Surgery (ZABAS)

TypeinterventionalSponsorStinus Gadegaard HansenRan2021 to 2024Enrolled59ConditionsBone Loss, Muscle Atrophy, Bariatric SurgeryArmsZoledronic Acid, Placebo
NCT05394779 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Evaluation of Performance and Safety of DTXO App, an Innovative Digital Therapy, in Improving Weight Loss and Weight-Loss Maintenance of Patients With Obesity by Increasing Their Adherence to Dietary, Exercise Regimens and Psycho-Behavioral Program

TypeinterventionalSponsorAdvice Pharma Group srlRan2022 to 2024Enrolled246ConditionsObesity, Health Behavior, Life Style, Dietary HabitsArmsDTXO APP, PLACEBO APP - Control group
NCT05420506 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Treatment of Obesity Without Surgical Intervention by Reversible Reduction of the Small Intestinal Absorption Area

TypeinterventionalSponsorYeditepe UniversityRan2022 to 2024Enrolled20ConditionsMorbid ObesityArmsNROT1
NCT05702112 not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Association of Triglyceride-glucose Index With Cardiac Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Risk Assesment in Obese Patient.

TypeobservationalSponsorAssiut UniversityRan2024 to 2025Enrolled100ConditionsObesity
NCT07083947 naactive not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effect of Herbal Compositions CL19183 and CL24212 on Body Weight, Body Composition and Metabolic Health in Overweight Subjects

TypeinterventionalSponsorApexCPG LLCRan2025 to 2026Enrolled150ConditionsHealthy ParticipantsArmsCL19183, CL24212, Placebo
NCT07253805 active not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Plasma and Tissue Concentration of Cefazolin in Preoperative Prophylaxis in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery

TypeobservationalSponsorLaval UniversityRan2019 to 2026Enrolled70ConditionsBariatric Sleeve Gastrectomy, Cefazolin
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5,225 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Enhancing Weight Loss Programs: A Meta-Analysis of Financial Incentives and Behavior Change Techniques.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026
    Pooled it
  3. Obesity, Employment, and Economic Productivity in Europe: A Systematic Literature Review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026
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5,165 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

140 authors.

Marie NgInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA.
Tom FlemingInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA.
Margaret RobinsonInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA.
Blake ThomsonInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA.
Nicholas GraetzInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA.
Christopher MargonoInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA.
Erin C MullanyInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA.
Stan BiryukovInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA.
Cristiana Abbafati"La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Semaw Ferede AberaSchool of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
Jerry P AbrahamUniversity of Texas School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Niveen M E Abu-RmeilehInstitute of Community and Public Health, Birzeti University, Ramallah, West Bank, Occupied Palestinian Territory.
Tom AchokiInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA; Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana.
Fadia S AlBuhairanKing Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Zewdie A AlemuDebre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Rafael AlfonsoUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Mohammed K AliEmory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Raghib AliUniversity of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Nelson Alvis GuzmanUniversidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia.
Walid AmmarMinistry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon.
Palwasha AnwariUNFPA, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Amitava BanerjeeUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Simon BarqueraNational Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
Sanjay BasuStanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Derrick A BennettUniversity of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Zulfiqar BhuttaAga Khan University Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan.
Jed BloreUniversity of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Norberto CabralUniversidad de Joinville-Univille, Joinville, Brazil.
Ismael Campos NonatoNational Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
Jung-Chen ChangNational Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Rajiv ChowdhuryUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Karen J CourvilleHospital Dr. Gustavo N. Collado, Chitre, Herrera, Panama.
Michael H CriquiUniversity of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
David K CundiffIndependent Researcher, Long Beach, CA, USA.
Kaustubh C DabhadkarEmory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Lalit DandonaInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA; Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India.
Adrian DavisPublic Health England, London, UK.
Anand DayamaEmory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Samath D DharmaratneUniversity of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
Eric L DingHarvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA.
Adnan M DurraniNational Institutes of Health, Bethesda and Montgomery, MD, USA.
Alireza EsteghamatiEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Farshad FarzadfarEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Derek F J FayPublic Health England, London, UK.
Valery L FeiginNational Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.
Abraham FlaxmanInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA.
Mohammad H ForouzanfarInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA.
Atsushi GotoDepartment of Diabetes Research, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Mark A GreenUniversity of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Rajeev GuptaFortis Escorts Hospital, Jaipur, India.
Nima Hafezi-NejadEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Graeme J HankeySchool of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Heather C HarewoodEunice Gibson Polyclinic, Bridgetown, Barbados.
Rasmus HavmoellerKarolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Simon HayUniversity of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Lucia HernandezNational Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
Abdullatif HusseiniBirzeit University, Birzeit, Ramallah, Palestine.
Bulat T IdrisovBrandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA.
Nayu IkedaNational Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.
Farhad IslamiAmerican Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Eiman JahangirOchsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Simerjot K JassalVA San Diego, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Sun Ha JeeGraduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
Mona JeffreysUniversity of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Jost B JonasDepartment of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Edmond K KabagambeVanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Shams Eldin Ali Hassan KhalifaSupreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar.
Andre Pascal KengneSouth African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
Yousef Saleh KhaderJordan University of Science and Technology, AlRamtha, Jordan.
Young-Ho KhangInstitute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Daniel KimNortheastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
Ruth W KimokotiSimmons College, Boston, MA, USA.
Jonas M KingeThe Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Yoshihiro KokuboDepartment of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiologic Informatics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.
Soewarta KosenCenter for Community Empowerment, Health Policy & Informatics, NIHRD, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Gene KwanBoston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Taavi LaiFourth View Consulting, Tallinn, Estonia.
Mall LeinsaluThe National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.
Yichong LiNational Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Xiaofeng LiangChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Shiwei LiuChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Giancarlo LogroscinoUniversity of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Paulo A LotufoUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Yuan LuHarvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA.
Jixiang MaChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Nana Kwaku MainooXpharmconsult, Kumasi, Ghana.
George A MensahCenter for Translation Research and Implementation Science (CTRIS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda and Montgomery, MD, USA.
Tony R MerrimanUniversity of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Ali H MokdadInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA.
Joanna MoschandreasUniversity of Crete, Crete, Greece.
Mohsen NaghaviInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA.
Aliya NaheedInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Devina NandMinistry of Health, Suva, Republic of Fiji.
K M Venkat NarayanEmory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Erica Leigh NelsonInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA.
Marian L NeuhouserFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Muhammad Imran NisarAga Khan University Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan.
Takayoshi OhkuboTeikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Samuel O OtiAfrican Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.
Andrea PedrozaNational Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
Dorairaj PrabhakaranCentre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India.
Nobhojit RoyBARC Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Uchechukwu SampsonVanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Hyeyoung SeoDepartment of Public Health, Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.
Sadaf G SepanlouDigestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Kenji ShibuyaUniversity of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Rahman ShiriFinnish institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
Ivy ShiueHeriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
Gitanjali M SinghHarvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA.
Jasvinder A SinghUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Vegard SkirbekkThe Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Nicolas J C StapelbergGriffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.
Lela SturuaNational Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Bryan L SykesUniversity of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA USA.
Martin TobiasInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA.
Bach X TranJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Leonardo TrasandeNYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Hideaki ToyoshimaHealth Care Center of Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo City, Japan.
Steven van de VijverAfrican Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.
Tommi J VasankariUKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.
J Lennert VeermanUniversity of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Gustavo Velasquez-MelendezUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Vasiliy Victorovich VlassovNational Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.
Stein Emil VollsetThe Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Theo VosInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA.
Claire WangColumbia University, New York, NY, USA.
XiaoRong WangShandong University affiliated Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, China.
Elisabete WeiderpassDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden.
Andrea WerdeckerInstitute of Medical Sociology and Social Medicine, Marburg, Hessen, Germany.
Jonathan L WrightSchool of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Y Claire YangUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Hiroshi YatsuyaFujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.
Jihyun YoonDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Seok-Jun YoonKorea University, Seoul, Korea.
Yong ZhaoChongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Maigeng ZhouNational Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Shankuan ZhuZhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.
Alan D LopezUniversity of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Christopher J L MurrayInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA.
Emmanuela GakidouInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: gakidou@uw.edu.

Funding

Tissue Procurement & PathologyP50CA058223 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI CHARLES M PEROU · 1992 to 2026
$59.3M
Research Services CoreP2CHD050924 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI KAREN B GUZZO · 2015 to 2026
$9.6M
CORE--PROGRAM DEVELOPMENTP30AG017253 · NIA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI BHATTACHARYA, JAY · 1999 to 2019
$5.8M
British Heart Foundation RG/08/014/24067Medical Research Council MR/L003120/1NCI NIH HHS P50 CA058223NIA NIH HHS P30 AG017253NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD050924Wellcome Trust 095066
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn 2010, overweight and obesity were estimated to cause 3·4 million deaths, 3·9% of years of life lost, and 3·8% of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) worldwide. The rise in obesity has led to widespread calls for regular monitoring of changes in overweight and obesity prevalence in all populations. Comparable, up-to-date information about levels and trends is essential to quantify population health effects and to prompt decision makers to prioritise action. We estimate the global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013.

methodsWe systematically identified surveys, reports, and published studies (n=1769) that included data for height and weight, both through physical measurements and self-reports. We used mixed effects linear regression to correct for bias in self-reports. We obtained data for prevalence of obesity and overweight by age, sex, country, and year (n=19,244) with a spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression model to estimate prevalence with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).

findingsWorldwide, the proportion of adults with a body-mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m(2) or greater increased between 1980 and 2013 from 28·8% (95% UI 28·4-29·3) to 36·9% (36·3-37·4) in men, and from 29·8% (29·3-30·2) to 38·0% (37·5-38·5) in women. Prevalence has increased substantially in children and adolescents in developed countries; 23·8% (22·9-24·7) of boys and 22·6% (21·7-23·6) of girls were overweight or obese in 2013. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has also increased in children and adolescents in developing countries, from 8·1% (7·7-8·6) to 12·9% (12·3-13·5) in 2013 for boys and from 8·4% (8·1-8·8) to 13·4% (13·0-13·9) in girls. In adults, estimated prevalence of obesity exceeded 50% in men in Tonga and in women in Kuwait, Kiribati, Federated States of Micronesia, Libya, Qatar, Tonga, and Samoa. Since 2006, the increase in adult obesity in developed countries has slowed down.

interpretationBecause of the established health risks and substantial increases in prevalence, obesity has become a major global health challenge. Not only is obesity increasing, but no national success stories have been reported in the past 33 years. Urgent global action and leadership is needed to help countries to more effectively intervene.

fundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Indexed as

Cost of IllnessAdolescentAdultChildFemaleHumansMaleModels, TheoreticalObesityOverweightPrevalenceRegression Analysis

Identifiers

PMID24880830
PMCPMC4624264

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.