ReviewJournal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)2015
The physiology of the pedunculopontine nucleus: implications for deep brain stimulation.
Review in Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lessons Learned From a Delayed-Start Trial of Modafinil for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Trial
- Stereological analysis of cholinergic neurons within bilateral pedunculopontine nuclei in health and when affected by Parkinson's disease.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Modulating the cholinergic system-Novel targets for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- Gait and balance worsening after bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) for Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.BMJ neurology open · 2025Article
- Deconstructing the modular organization and real-time dynamics of mammalian spinal locomotor networks.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Novel utilization of deep brain stimulation in the pedunculopontine nucleus with globus pallidus internus for treatment of childhood-onset dystonia.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Article
- Novel targets in deep brain stimulation for movement disorders.Neurosurgical review · 2022Review
- Clinical and neurophysiological effects of central thalamic deep brain stimulation in the minimally conscious state after severe brain injury.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Interval timing and midfrontal delta oscillations are impaired in Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait.Journal of neurology · 2022Article
- Selective activation of central thalamic fiber pathway facilitates behavioral performance in healthy non-human primates.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Association of sleep disturbance and freezing of gait in Parkinson disease: prevention/delay implications.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2021Article
- Neuroepigenetics of arousal: Gamma oscillations in the pedunculopontine nucleus.Journal of neuroscience research · 2019Review
- Concerns regarding Baksa B, Kovacs A, Bayasgalan T, Szentesi P, Koseghy A, Szucs P, Balazs P. Characterization of functional subgroups among genetically identified cholinergic neurons in the pedunculopontine nucleus. Cell Molec. Life Sci. 2019-04-02.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2019Article
- Bottom-up gamma maintenance in various disorders.Neurobiology of disease · 2019Review
- Focus on the pedunculopontine nucleus. Consensus review from the May 2018 brainstem society meeting in Washington, DC, USA.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2019Review
- Local and Relayed Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation of the Pedunculopontine Nucleus.Brain sciences · 2019Review
- Targeting the pedunculopontine nucleus in Parkinson's disease: Time to go back to the drawing board.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2018Review
- The Relationship between Saccades and Locomotion.Journal of movement disorders · 2018Article
- Role of the pedunculopontine nucleus in controlling gait and sleep in normal and parkinsonian monkeys.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2018Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This brief review resolves a number of persistent conflicts regarding the location and characteristics of the mesencephalic locomotor region, which has in the past been described as not locomotion-specific and is more likely the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN). The parameters of stimulation used to elicit changes in posture and locomotion we now know are ideally suited to match the intrinsic membrane properties of PPN neurons. The physiology of these cells is important not only because it is a major element of the reticular activating system, but also because it is a novel target for the treatment of gait and postural deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD). The discussion explains many of the effects reported following deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the PPN by different groups and provides guidelines for the determination of long-term assessment and effects of PPN DBS. A greater understanding of the physiology of the target nuclei within the brainstem and basal ganglia, amassed over the past decades, has enabled increasingly better patient outcomes from DBS for movement disorders. Despite these improvements, there remains a great opportunity for further understanding of the mechanisms through which DBS has its effects and for further development of appropriate technology to effect these treatments. We review the scientific basis for one of the newest targets, the PPN, in the treatment of PD and other movement disorders, and address the needs for further investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.