ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2014
Nipple discharge of CA15-3, CA125, CEA and TSGF as a new biomarker panel for breast cancer.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinicopathological and Prognostic Significance of Cancer Antigen 15-3 and Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis including 12,993 Patients.Disease markers · 2018Pooled it
- CA153 in Breast Secretions as a Potential Molecular Marker for Diagnosing Breast Cancer: A Meta Analysis.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Preoperative CA15-3 as a predictor of axillary lymph node metastasis and prognosis in women with breast cancer: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in nipple discharge for breast cancer screening.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2026Article
- Nipple aspirate fluid as a proximal breast liquid biopsy platform: advancing precision risk management in breast cancer.Clinical proteomics · 2026Review
- Development and External Validation of an Interpretable Machine Learning Model Using Routine Blood Biomarkers for Differentiating Malignant Breast Nodules.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- A Retrospective Analysis of a Serum Multi-Biomarker (CA153, TSGF, and CYFRA 21-1) Logistic Regression Model for Predicting Pathologic Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2026Article
- The assessment of breast cancer biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring: integrated analysis.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Low-Invasive Biomarkers of Canine Mammary Tumours.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Review
- Association of tumor markers CA 15-3, CEA, and CA 125 with [Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- The Analysis of Plasma Proteomics for Luminal A Breast Cancer.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Exploring Biomarkers in Breast Cancer: Hallmarks of Diagnosis, Treatment, and Follow-Up in Clinical Practice.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- The predicting role of serum tumor-specific growth factor for prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Gynecological Cancers.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Nipple aspirate fluid and its use for the early detection of breast cancer.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Review
- The Predicting Role of Serum TSGF and sIL-2R for the Lymph Node Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.Disease markers · 2022Article
- Correlation of Molecular Tumor Markers CA125, HE4, and CEA with the Development and Progression of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.Iranian journal of public health · 2021Article
- Breast health screening: a UK-wide questionnaire.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2021Article
- Clinical value of color Doppler ultrasound combined with serum CA153, CEA and TSGF detection in the diagnosis of breast cancer.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2020Article
- Prognostic Significance of a Novel Score Model Based on Preoperative Indicators in Patients with Breast Cancer Spine Metastases (BCSM).Cancer management and research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. Serum biomarkers such as cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) can be used as diagnostic and prognostic factors and can also provide valuable information during follow-up. However, serum protein biomarkers show limited diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in stand-alone assays because their levels reflect tumor burden. To validate whether biomarkers in nipple discharge may serve as novel biomarkers for breast cancer, we composed a panel of potential cancer biomarkers, including CA15-3, CA125, CEA, and malignant tumor-specific growth factor (TSGF), and evaluated their expression in both serum and nipple discharge in order to explore the expression and significance of estrogen receptor (ER), progestrone receptor (PR), epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2/neu), CA15-3, CA125, CEA, and TSGF expression for their combined predictive value for breast cancer and in judging the prognosis of breast cancer. Univariate analysis revealed that combined detection of CA15-3, CA125, CEA, and TSGF in nipple discharge served as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer, but in the multivariate analyses the adverse effects of the four biomarkers combination in nipple discharge positivity on overall survival were lost. Multivariate analysis revealed that the positivity of the combined detection of the four biomarkers in both nipple discharge and serum was significantly higher than that of other detection methods. Thus, the combined detection of these four biomarkers both in serum and nipple discharge was retained as an independent prognostic variable in breast cancer patients. Our results indicate that CA15-3, CA125, CEA, and TSGF in nipple discharge can serve as novel biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.