ArticleAnesthesia and analgesia2014
Inflammatory pain may induce cognitive impairment through an interlukin-6-dependent and postsynaptic density-95-associated mechanism.
Article in Anesthesia and analgesia, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence for Cognitive Decline in Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of Liposomal Bupivacaine for Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block on Early Postoperative Recovery Quality in Elderly Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- PSD-95 Protein: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Chronic Pain.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Chronic pain and cognitive dysfunction: clinical manifestations, underlying mechanisms, and emerging therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Article
- Alcohol Enhances Responses to High Frequency Stimulation in Hippocampus from Transgenic Mice with Increased Astrocyte Expression of IL-6.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2021Article
- Pharmacological Blockade of PPARα Exacerbates Inflammatory Pain-Related Impairment of Spatial Memory in Rats.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Listening to your gut: immune challenge to the gut sensitizes body wall nociception in the caterpillarPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2019Article
- Increased IL-6 expression in astrocytes is associated with emotionality, alterations in central amygdala GABAergic transmission, and excitability during alcohol withdrawal.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2019Article
- N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B antagonist, Ro 25-6981, attenuates neuropathic pain by inhibiting postsynaptic density 95 expression.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Effects of Danggui-Shaoyao-San on the Influence of Spatial Learning and Memory Induced by Experimental Tooth Movement.Chinese medical journal · 2015Article
- Surgery plus anesthesia induces loss of attention in mice.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPain might be associated with cognitive impairment in humans. However, the characterization of such effects in a preclinical model and the investigation of the underlying mechanisms remain largely to be determined. We therefore sought to establish a system to determine the effect of pain on cognitive function in mice.
methodsComplete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was injected in the hindpaw of 5- to 8-month-old wild-type and interleukin-6 knockout mice. Learning and memory function, and the levels of interleukin-6 and postsynaptic density (PSD)-95 in the cortex and hippocampus of mice were assessed.
resultsWe found that the CFA injection-induced pain in the mice at 3 and 7 days after injection and decreased the freezing time (30.1 [16.5] vs 56.8 [28.1] seconds, P =0.023) in the tone test, which assesses the hippocampus-independent learning and memory function, but not in a context test of Fear Conditioning System (15.8 [6.7] vs 18.6 [8.8] seconds, P =0.622), which assesses the hippocampus-dependent learning and memory function, at 3 days after injection. Consistently, the CFA injection increased interleukin-6 (248% [11.6] vs 100% [7.9], P < 0.0001) and decreased the PSD-95 (40% [10.0] vs 100% [20.3], P < 0.0001) level in the cortex, but not hippocampus (95% [8.6] vs 100% [9.3], P =0.634), in the mice. The CFA injection induced neither reduction in the cortex PSD-95 levels nor cognitive impairment in the interleukin-6 knockout mice.
conclusionsThese results suggest that pain induced by CFA injection might increase interleukin-6 levels and decrease PSD-95 levels in the cortex, but not hippocampus of mice, leading to hippocampus-independent cognitive impairment in mice. These findings call for further investigation to determine the role of pain in cognitive function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.