ReviewBioMed research international2014
The urethral rhabdosphincter, levator ani muscle, and perineal membrane: a review.
Review in BioMed research international, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Abdominoperineal Resection on Postoperative Male Sexual Function After Minimally Invasive Rectal Cancer Surgery: A Subgroup Analysis From the LANDMARC Study.Annals of gastroenterological surgery · 2026Article
- Supportive fibrous tissues of the nasal epithelium with special reference to the site-dependent difference.Anatomy & cell biology · 2026Article
- Novel Anatomical Findings in Robot-Assisted Prostatectomy and Optimal Dissection Layer Selection for Preserving Urethral Support Structures.The Prostate · 2025Article
- Presence of smooth muscle continuous with the rectal and vaginal walls in the deep perineal space prompts reconsideration of the deep transverse perineal muscle.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Striated muscle fiber crossings of the head and neck: a histological study using near-term human fetuses and elderly cadavers.Anatomy & cell biology · 2024Article
- Insertions of the striated muscles in the skin and mucosa: a histological study of fetuses and cadavers.Anatomy & cell biology · 2024Article
- Urethral pharmacological mechanisms incontinence and bladder emptying: An updated review.Bladder (San Francisco, Calif.) · 2024Review
- Multiparity Reduces Urethral and Vaginal Pressures Following the Bulboglandularis Muscle Stimulation in Rabbits.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2023Article
- MRI-Based Radiomics Analysis of Levator Ani Muscle for Predicting Urine Incontinence after Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Radical Prostatectomy and Anatomical Controversies: The Urethral Sphincter and the Elusive Continence Mechanisms.Cancers · 2023Article
- The Maximal Urethral Pressure at Rest and during Normal Bladder Filling Is Only Determined by the Activity of the Urethral Smooth Musculature in the Female.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The Anatomical Pathogenesis of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- The Translational Role of Animal Models for Estrogen-Related Functional Bladder Outlet Obstruction and Prostatic Inflammation.Veterinary sciences · 2022Review
- Human orbital muscle in adult cadavers and near-term fetuses: its bony attachments and individual variation identified by immunohistochemistry.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2021Article
- Anatomy of Cowper's gland in humans suggesting a secretion and emission mechanism facilitated by cooperation of striated and smooth muscles.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Transperineal ultrasound shear-wave elastography is a reliable tool for assessment of the elastic properties of the levator ani muscle in women.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Re-exploring the pelvic neuroanatomy from a new perspective and a potential guidance for TaTME: a "bottom-up" approach.Updates in surgery · 2021Article
- Tissue Engineering and Its Potential to Reduce Prostate Cancer Treatment Sequelae-Narrative Review.Frontiers in surgery · 2021Review
- Various significant connections of the male pelvic floor muscles with special reference to the anal and urethral sphincter muscles.Anatomical science international · 2020Article
- Preservation of continence in radical prostatectomy patients: a laparoscopic surgeon's perspective.Central European journal of urology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the rhabdosphincter and adjacent tissues is mandatory during urologic surgery to ensure reliable oncologic and functional outcomes. To characterize the levator ani (LA) function for the urethral sphincter, we described connective tissue morphology between the LA and urethral rhabdosphincter. The interface tissue between the LA and rhabdosphincter area in males contained abundant irregularly arrayed elastic fibers and smooth muscles. The male rhabdosphincter was positioned alongside the LA to divide the elevation force and not in-series along the axis of LA contraction. The male perineal membrane was thin but solid and extends along the inferior margin or bottom of the rhabdosphincter area. In contrast, the female rhabdosphincter, including the compressor urethrae and urethrovaginal sphincter muscles, was embedded in the elastic fiber mesh that is continuous with the thick, multilaminar perineal membrane. The inferomedial edge of the female LA was attached to the upper surface of the perineal membrane and not directly attached to the rhabdosphincter. We presented new diagrams showing the gender differences in topographical anatomy of the LA and rhabdosphincter.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.