ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2014
Selective allosteric antibodies to the insulin receptor for the treatment of hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic disorders.
Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploiting allosteric modulation: a new frontier for precision medicine.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Competitive Epitope Binning Using HT-SPR.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- The Insulin Receptor: An Important Target for the Development of Novel Medicines and Pesticides.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Camel Milk Targeting Insulin Receptor-Toward Understanding the Antidiabetic Effects of Camel Milk.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Review
- Article
- Possible New Strategies for the Treatment of Congenital Hyperinsulinism.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Article
- Lipid mediators of insulin signaling in diabetic kidney disease.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2019Review
- Unique pharmacology of a novel allosteric agonist/sensitizer insulin receptor monoclonal antibody.Molecular metabolism · 2018Article
- Insulin Receptor Isoforms in Physiology and Disease: An Updated View.Endocrine reviews · 2017Review
- Differential Effects of Camel Milk on Insulin Receptor Signaling - Toward Understanding the Insulin-Like Properties of Camel Milk.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Many therapeutic monoclonal antibodies act as antagonists to receptors by targeting and blocking the natural ligand binding site (orthosteric site). In contrast, the use of antibodies to target receptors at allosteric sites (distinct from the orthosteric site) has not been extensively studied. This approach is especially important in metabolic diseases in which endogenous ligand levels are dysregulated. Herein, we review our investigations of 3 categories of human monoclonal antibodies that bind allosterically to the insulin receptor (INSR) and affect its activity: XMetA, XMetS and XMetD. XMetA directly activates the INSR either alone or in combination with insulin. XMetS, in contrast, does not directly activate the INSR but markedly enhances the receptor's ability to bind insulin and potentiate insulin signaling. Both XMetA and XMetS are effective in controlling hyperglycemia in mouse models of diabetes. A third allosteric antibody, XMetD, is an inhibitor of INSR signaling. This antibody reverses insulin-induced hypoglycemia in a mouse model of hyperinsulinemia. These studies indicate, therefore, that allosteric antibodies to INSR can modulate its signaling and correct conditions of glucose dysregulation. These studies also raise the possibility that the use of allosteric antibodies can be expanded to other receptors for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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