ArticlePloS one2014
Results from the first 12 months of the national surveillance of healthcare associated outbreaks in Germany, 2011/2012.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Timeliness of notification systems for infectious diseases: A systematic literature review.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 healthcare-associated infection outbreaks in Germany, 2020-2023: a retrospective observational study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Description of a nationwide structure for monitoring nosocomial outbreaks of (highly resistant) microorganisms in the Netherlands: characteristics of outbreaks in 2012-2021.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2023Article
- Healthcare-associated foodborne outbreaks in high-income countries: a literature review and surveillance study, 16 OECD countries, 2001 to 2019.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2021Review
- Outbreak column 18: The undervalued work of outbreak: prevention, preparedness, detection and management.Journal of infection prevention · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn August 2011, the German Protection against Infection Act was amended, mandating the reporting of healthcare associated infection (HAI) outbreak notifications by all healthcare workers in Germany via local public health authorities and federal states to the Robert Koch Institute (RKI).
objectiveTo describe the reported HAI-outbreaks and the surveillance system's structure and capabilities.
methodsInformation on each outbreak was collected using standard paper forms and notified to RKI. Notifications were screened daily and regularly analysed.
resultsBetween November 2011 and November 2012, 1,326 paper forms notified 578 HAI-outbreaks, between 7 and 116 outbreaks per month. The main causative agent was norovirus (n = 414/578; 72%). Among the 108 outbreaks caused by bacteria, the most frequent pathogens were Clostridium difficile (25%) Klebsiella spp. (19%) and Staphylococcus spp. (19%). Multidrug-resistant bacteria were responsible for 54/108 (50%) bacterial outbreaks. Hospitals were affected most frequently (485/578; 84%). Hospital outbreaks due to bacteria were mostly reported from intensive care units (ICUs) (45%), followed by internal medicine wards (16%).
conclusionThe mandatory HAI-outbreak surveillance system describes common outbreaks. Pathogens with a particular high potential to cause large or severe outbreaks may be identified, enabling us to further focus research and preventive measures. Increasing the sensitivity and reliability of the data collection further will facilitate identification of outbreaks able to increase in size and severity, and guide specific control measures to interrupt their propagation.
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