Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24874713›Full record

ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2014

Estimating endogenous dopamine levels at D2 and D3 receptors in humans using the agonist radiotracer [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO.

Fernando Caravaggio, Shinichiro Nakajima, Carol Borlido, Gary Remington, Philip Gerretsen, Alan Wilson, Sylvain Houle, Mahesh Menon, David Mamo, Ariel Graff-Guerrero

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Continuous infusion [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026
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  8. Dopaminergic basis for signaling belief updates, but not surprise, and the link to paranoia.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018
    Article
  9. News and views on in-vivo imaging of neurotransmission using PET and MRI.The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of... · 2017
    Review
  10. Article
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  12. Elevated Dopamine DNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2016
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. The effect of striatal dopamine depletion on striatal and cortical glutamate: A mini-review.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2016
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Lack of age-dependent decrease in dopamine D3 receptor availability: a [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO and [(11)C]-raclopride positron emission tomography study.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2015
    Article
  18. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Fernando Caravaggio1] Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Shinichiro Nakajima1] Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Carol BorlidoResearch Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Gary Remington1] Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada [3] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Philip Gerretsen1] Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada [3] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Alan Wilson1] Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada [3] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Sylvain Houle1] Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Mahesh Menon1] Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
David Mamo1] Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Ariel Graff-Guerrero1] Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada [3] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health · CAUniversity of Toronto · CA

Funding

Optimal Dosing of Antipsychotic Drugs in Late LifeR01MH084886 · NIMH · CENTRE FOR ADDICTION AND MENTAL HEALTH · PI MAMO, DAVID · 2010 to 2014
$761k
CIHR MOP-114989NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH084886NIMH NIH HHS R01MH084886-01A2
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Using positron emission tomography (PET) and an acute dopamine depletion challenge it is possible to estimate endogenous dopamine levels occupying dopamine D2/3 receptors (D2/3R) in humans in vivo. Our group has developed [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO, the first agonist radiotracer with preferential in vivo affinity for D3R. Thus, the use of [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO offers the novel possibility of (i) estimating in vivo endogenous dopamine levels at D2/3R using an agonist radiotracer, and (ii) estimating endogenous dopamine levels at D3R in extrastriatal regions such as the substantia nigra, hypothalamus, and ventral pallidum. Ten healthy participants underwent a [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO PET scan under baseline conditions and another under acute endogenous dopamine depletion achieved via oral administration of alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (64 mg/kg). [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO binding was sensitive to acute dopamine depletion, allowing in vivo estimates of endogenous dopamine in D2R-rich regions (caudate and putamen), mixed D2/3R-rich regions (ventral striatum and globus pallidus), and extrastriatal D3R-rich regions (hypothalamus and ventral pallidum). Dopamine depletion decreased self-reported vigor, which was correlated with the reduction in dopamine levels in the globus pallidus. [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO is a suitable radiotracer for use in estimating endogenous dopamine levels at D2R and D3R in neuropsychiatric populations.

Indexed as

OxazinesRadiopharmaceuticalsAdultAffectalpha-MethyltyrosineBrainDopamineDopamine AgentsFemaleHomovanillic AcidHumansMaleMethoxyhydroxyphenylglycolPositron-Emission TomographyReceptors, Dopamine D2Receptors, Dopamine D3alpha-MethyltyrosineDopamineDopamine AgentsHomovanillic AcidMethoxyhydroxyphenylglycolnaxagolideOxazinesRadiopharmaceuticalsReceptors, Dopamine D2Receptors, Dopamine D3

Identifiers

PMID24874713
PMCPMC4200487
OpenAlexW2035658250

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.