Trial reportThe Journal of infectious diseases2014
Cytotoxic markers associate with protection against malaria in human volunteers immunized with Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites.
Trial report in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01218893 (Immunization With Different Doses of Plasmodium Falciparum Sporozoites Under Chloroquine Prophylaxis), which is not on this map. Cited by 72 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Immunization With Different Doses of Plasmodium Falciparum Sporozoites Under Chloroquine Prophylaxis
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Single immunization with genetically attenuated Pf∆mei2 (GA2) parasites by mosquito bite in controlled human malaria infection: a placebo-controlled randomized trial.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Chemoprophylaxis Vaccination: Phase I Study to Explore Stage-specific Immunity to Plasmodium falciparum in US Adults.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Trial
- Cytotoxic T Cell-Derived Granzyme B Is Increased in SevereFrontiers in immunology · 2019Trial
- Changes in total and differential leukocyte counts during the clinically silent liver phase in a controlled human malaria infection in malaria-naïve Dutch volunteers.Malaria journal · 2017Trial
- Modest heterologous protection after Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite immunization: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.BMC medicine · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Reduced Plasmodium Parasite Burden Associates with CD38+ CD4+ T Cells Displaying Cytolytic Potential and Impaired IFN-γ Production.PLoS pathogens · 2016Trial
- Effective Antimalarial Chemoprevention in Childhood Enhances the Quality of CD4+ T Cells and Limits Their Production of Immunoregulatory Interleukin 10.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Trial
- Safety, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efficacy of Intradermal Immunization with Aseptic, Purified, Cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoites in Volunteers Under Chloroquine Prophylaxis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2016Trial
- Impact of malaria preexposure on antiparasite cellular and humoral immune responses after controlled human malaria infection.Infection and immunity · 2015Trial
- Heterologous Protection against Malaria after Immunization with Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoites.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Memory B-cell and antibody responses induced by Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite immunization.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Trial
- Trial
- Different clinical forms of Plasmodium vivax infection result in unique T cell epitope-specific immune responses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Vaccine-induced mouse antibodies targeting Plasmodium falciparum PfVFT antigen inhibit blood stages through multiple mechanisms.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- The path from early- to late-liver stage arresting genetically attenuated parasites as a malaria vaccination strategy.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
- Liver stage P. falciparum antigens highly targeted by CD4+ T cells in malaria-exposed Ugandan children.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Targeting T-Cell Activation for Malaria Immunotherapy: Scoping Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The impact of Plasmodium-driven immunoregulatory networks on immunity to malaria.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Repeat controlled human Plasmodium falciparum infections delay bloodstream patency and reduce symptoms.Nature communications · 2024Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmunization of healthy volunteers by bites from Plasmodium falciparum-infected mosquitoes during chloroquine chemoprophylaxis (hereafter, chemoprophylaxis and sporozoites [CPS] immunization) induces sterile protection against malaria. CPS-induced protection is mediated by immunity against pre-erythrocytic stages, presumably at least partially by cytotoxic cellular responses. We therefore aimed to investigate the association of CPS-induced cytotoxic T-cell markers with protection.
methodsIn a double-blind randomized controlled trial, we performed dose titration of CPS immunization followed by homologous challenge infection in 29 subjects. Immune responses were assessed by in vitro restimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and flow cytometry.
resultsDose-dependent complete protection was obtained in 4 of 5 volunteers after immunization with bites from 45 P. falciparum-infected mosquitoes, in 8 of 9 volunteers with bites from 30, and in 5 of 10 volunteers with bites from 15 (odds ratio [OR], 5.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-17). Completely protected subjects had significantly higher proportions of CD4 T cells expressing the degranulation marker CD107a (OR, 8.4; 95% CI, 1.5-123; P = .011) and CD8 cells producing granzyme B (OR, 11; 95% CI, 1.9-212; P = .004) after P. falciparum restimulation.
conclusionsThese data underline the efficiency of CPS immunization to induce sterile protection and support a possible role for cytotoxic CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses in pre-erythrocytic immunity. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT01218893.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.