ReviewNutrients2014
Beyond meatless, the health effects of vegan diets: findings from the Adventist cohorts.
Review in Nutrients, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 120 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A 4-week Defined, Raw, Plant-based Diet Improves Anthropometric, Hemodynamic, and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors
A Defined, Plant-based, 4-week Dietary Intervention Reduces Lp(a) and Other Atherogenic Particles
Who cites it
120 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Do Vegetarian Diets Provide Adequate Nutrient Intake during Complementary Feeding? A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Risk of Incident Stroke among Vegetarians Compared to Nonvegetarians: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- The effects of plant-based diets on the body and the brain: a systematic review.Translational psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Vegetarian-Based Dietary Patterns and their Relation with Inflammatory and Immune Biomarkers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Pooled it
- Relation of Vegetarian Dietary Patterns With Major Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2019Pooled it
- Adherence to a Vegetarian Diet and Diabetes Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Nutrients · 2017Pooled it
- Muscle creatine levels and sprint performance in young adult vegans and vegetarians after 7 days of creatine monohydrate supplementation.Physiological reports · 2025Trial
- Change to a Plant-Based Diet Has No Effect on Strength Performance in Trained Persons in the First 8 Weeks-A 16-Week Controlled Pilot Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Does a Plant-Based Diet Stand Out for Its Favorable Composition for Heart Health? Dietary Intake Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Plasma Leptin and Adiponectin after a 4-Week Vegan Diet: A Randomized-Controlled Pilot Trial in Healthy Participants.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Vitamin B12 Status Upon Short-Term Intervention with a Vegan Diet-A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Participants.Nutrients · 2019Trial
- Effects of an Ad Libitum Consumed Low-Fat Plant-Based Diet Supplemented with Plant-Based Meal Replacements on Body Composition Indices.BioMed research international · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Association of Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Christian fasting on appetite hormones and insulin sensitivity in type-II diabetes and healthy subjects in Ethiopia.Obesity pillars · 2026Article
- Vegan and omnivore diets in relation to nutrient intake and greenhouse gas emissions in Iceland.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Lights and Shadows of a Vegetarian Diet in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Plant-based dietary indices association with appetite, appetite regulating peptides and gut microbiota in healthy women: a cross-sectional study.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- Investigation of the relationship between adoption of minimalist and sustainable lifestyle, and individuals' views on artificial meat.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Using the theory of planned behaviour to understand the adoption of vegetarianism among females in Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Vegetarians, those who avoid meat, and vegans, additionally avoiding dairy and eggs, represent 5% and 2%, respectively, of the US population. The aim of this review is to assess the effects of vegetarian diets, particularly strict vegetarian diets (i.e., vegans) on health and disease outcomes. We summarized available evidence from three prospective cohorts of Adventists in North America: Adventist Mortality Study, Adventist Health Study, and Adventist Health Study-2. Non-vegetarian diets were compared to vegetarian dietary patterns (i.e., vegan and lacto-ovo-vegetarian) on selected health outcomes. Vegetarian diets confer protection against cardiovascular diseases, cardiometabolic risk factors, some cancers and total mortality. Compared to lacto-ovo-vegetarian diets, vegan diets seem to offer additional protection for obesity, hypertension, type-2 diabetes, and cardiovascular mortality. Males experience greater health benefits than females. Limited prospective data is available on vegetarian diets and body weight change. Large randomized intervention trials on the effects of vegetarian diet patterns on neurological and cognitive functions, obesity, diabetes, and other cardiovascular outcomes are warranted to make meaningful recommendations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.