ArticleAIDS (London, England)2014
Programmed death-1 expression on CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in treated and untreated HIV disease.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Expression Profile and Biological Role of Immune Checkpoints in Disease Progression of HIV/SIV Infection.Viruses · 2022Pooled it
- A Single Dose Study of Pembrolizumab in People With HIV Infection Who are Immunologic Nonresponders.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Safety and Immune Responses Following Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody Infusions in Healthy Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- HIV-Related Arterial Stiffness in Malawian Adults Is Associated With the Proportion of PD-1-Expressing CD8+ T Cells and Reverses With Antiretroviral Therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Trial
- Patient-Level Discordance Between SCORE2 Cardiovascular Risk and PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint-Expression Profiles in People Living with HIV: A Secondary Cohort Analysis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- World free HIV: the novel therapeutic approaches for eliminating latent HIV infection.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Dynamical modeling and data analysis of HIV infection with infection-age, CTLs immune response and delayed antibody immune response.Journal of mathematical biology · 2025Article
- Serum sPD-1 as a marker of T cell exhaustion in ART-naïve, ART-experienced, and intestinal parasite co-infected HIV-positive adults at the university of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2024.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- T-Cell Phenotypes and Systemic Cytokine Profiles of People Living with HIV Admitted to Hospital with COVID-19.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Impact of HIV-Related Immune Impairment of Yellow Fever Vaccine Immunogenicity in People Living with HIV-ANRS 12403.Vaccines · 2024Article
- γδ T cells mediate robust anti-HIV functions during antiretroviral therapy regardless of immune checkpoint expression.Clinical & translational immunology · 2024Article
- HIV immunological non-responders are characterized by extensive immunosenescence and impaired lymphocyte cytokine production capacity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- GITR activationiScience · 2023Article
- Selective loss of CD107a TIGIT+ memory HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells in PLWH over a decade of ART.eLife · 2023Article
- Use of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor therapy in HIV-infected patients with advanced cancer: a single-center study from China.Infectious agents and cancer · 2023Article
- Article
- HIV Productively Infects Highly Differentiated and Exhausted CD4+ T Cells During AIDS.Pathogens & immunity · 2023Article
- Cellular and molecular insights into incomplete immune recovery in HIV/AIDS patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is intense interest in the role of programmed death 1 (PD-1) in causing persistent T-cell dysfunction in HIV infection. However, the impact of HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment (ART) on the expression of PD-1 on T cells is still poorly defined.
methodsPD-1 was measured longitudinally in a cohort of recently HIV-infected individuals (n = 121) who started ART early (<6 months after infection) vs. later (≥2 years after infection). PD-1 was also measured cross-sectionally in a diverse cohort of chronically HIV-infected adults (n = 206).
resultsPD-1 expression levels were high on CD8⁺ T cells during early HIV infection. PD-1 levels increased on both CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells populations in those who delayed therapy (11 and 10%/year, respectively). PD-1 levels declined and were similar in those treated early vs. late after 1 year of ART. In both cohorts, PD-1 expression on CD4⁺ T cells was associated with CD4⁺ T-cell activation (CD38⁺HLA-DR⁺) and inversely with CD4⁺ cell count. In contrast, PD-1 expression on CD8⁺ T cells was most strongly associated with CD8⁺ T-cell activation and with plasma viral load in viremic individuals.
conclusionAcross two large cohorts of untreated and treated individuals, we found consistent associations between HIV RNA levels, CD8⁺ T-cell activation and PD-1 expression on CD8⁺ T cells. In contrast, CD4⁺ T-cell counts and CD4⁺ T-cell activation were more consistent correlates of PD-1 expression on CD4⁺ T cells. PD-1 expression appears to be driven by both direct antigen and homeostatic pathways.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.