ReviewDiabetologia2014
Dietary gluten and the development of type 1 diabetes.
Review in Diabetologia, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03451955 (The Effect of a Gluten Free Diet on the Permeability of the Blood Brain Barrier in Patients With Clinically Isolated Syndrome Measured by Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging), which is not on this map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of a Gluten Free Diet on the Permeability of the Blood Brain Barrier in Patients With Clinically Isolated Syndrome Measured by Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diet, gut microbiome, and type 1 diabetes: from risk to translational opportunity.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Modulating Purothionin Accumulation and Signal Peptide Cleavage Fine-Tunes Wheat Flour Gluten Properties to Improve Cookie-Making Quality.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- From gluten to therapeutics: molecular mechanisms of celiac disease and emerging alternatives to the gluten-free diet.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Scaffold-free endocrine tissue engineering: role of islet organization and implications in type 1 diabetes.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Review
- Dietary Components in the Pathogenesis and Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes in Children.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2025Review
- The Effects of Gluten on Weight Gain, Hematological, Biochemical, and Various Endocrinological Parameters.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Article
- Cumulative incidence of type 1 diabetes in two cohorts of children with different national gluten recommendations in infancy.Acta diabetologica · 2024Article
- HLA Genotype and Probiotics Modify the Association Between Timing of Solid Food Introduction and Islet Autoimmunity in the TEDDY Study.Diabetes care · 2023Article
- Mechanistic Insights into Immune-Microbiota Interactions and Preventive Role of Probiotics Against Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2023Review
- Biscuit consumption and diabetic retinopathy incidence in adults in the United States.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2022Article
- Investigating Polyphenol Nanoformulations for Therapeutic Targets against Diabetes Mellitus.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Review
- Antibiotic treatment during early childhood and risk of type 1 diabetes in children: A national birth cohort study.Pediatric diabetes · 2020Article
- Current Evidence on the Efficacy of Gluten-Free Diets in Multiple Sclerosis, Psoriasis, Type 1 Diabetes and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Maternal and child gluten intake and association with type 1 diabetes: The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.PLoS medicine · 2020Observational
- Diabetogenic effect of gluten in Wistar albino rats: a preliminary preclinical screening.Medicine and pharmacy reports · 2020Article
- Early Nutrition and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: The Role of Gut Microbiota.Frontiers in nutrition · 2020Review
- Epigenetic Effects of Gut Metabolites: Exploring the Path of Dietary Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2020Review
- Gluten Intake and Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Progression to Type 1 Diabetes in Children at Increased Risk of the Disease: The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY).Diabetes care · 2019Article
- Spatial variations in gut permeability are linked to type 1 diabetes development in non-obese diabetic mice.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gluten proteins differ from other cereal proteins as they are partly resistant to enzymatic processing in the intestine, resulting in a continuous exposure of the proteins to the intestinal immune system. In addition to being a disease-initiating factor in coeliac disease (CD), gluten intake might affect type 1 diabetes development. Studies in animal models of type 1 diabetes have documented that the pathogenesis is influenced by diet. Thus, a gluten-free diet largely prevents diabetes in NOD mice while a cereal-based diet promotes diabetes development. In infants, amount, timing and mode of introduction have been shown to affect the diabetogenic potential of gluten, and some studies now suggest that a gluten-free diet may preserve beta cell function. Other studies have not found this effect. There is evidence that the intestinal immune system plays a primary role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, as diabetogenic T cells are initially primed in the gut, islet-infiltrating T cells express gut-associated homing receptors, and mesenteric lymphocytes transfer diabetes from NOD mice to NOD/severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Thus, gluten may affect diabetes development by influencing proportional changes in immune cell populations or by modifying the cytokine/chemokine pattern towards an inflammatory profile. This supports an important role for gluten intake in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and further studies should be initiated to clarify whether a gluten-free diet could prevent disease in susceptible individuals or be used with newly diagnosed patients to stop disease progression.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.