ReviewSchizophrenia bulletin2014
Neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative models of schizophrenia: white matter at the center stage.
Review in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05257720 (Evaluation of the Role of Neurodegeneration in Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia With GFAP and S100B), which is not on this map. Cited by 121 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of the Role of Neurodegeneration in Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia With GFAP and S100B
Who cites it
121 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 237 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurofilament Light Protein as a Biomarker in Severe Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- BrainAGE, brain health, and mental disorders: A systematic review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Associating Multimodal Neuroimaging Abnormalities With the Transcriptome and Neurotransmitter Signatures in Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Pooled it
- Ancestral, Pregnancy, and Negative Early-Life Risks Shape Children's Brain (Dis)similarity to Schizophrenia.Biological psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Retinal layers and associated clinical factors in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Longitudinal Structural MRI Findings in Individuals at Genetic and Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Heterochronicity of white matter development and aging explains regional patient control differences in schizophrenia.Human brain mapping · 2016Pooled it
- Β-Amyloid Burden is Not Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2016Pooled it
- Childhood premorbid adjustment as a marker for 20-year impairments in schizophrenia spectrum disorder: results from the OPUS study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Effects of fingolimod, a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonist, on white matter microstructure, cognition and symptoms in schizophrenia.Brain imaging and behavior · 2021Trial
- Shared genetic architecture of schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias implicates 16p11.2 and lifespan brain vulnerability.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Bridging the microstructural gap in human connectomics using hierarchical phase-contrast tomography as a reference for diffusion MRI in the human brain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cognitive trajectories of psychosis risk: temporal patterns and association with progression.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Deviation in development of dorsal association tracts during preadolescence links to concurrent and future cognitive performance and transdiagnostic psychopathology.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Peripheral Microvascular and Cerebral White Matter Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: Implications of a Body-Brain Endothelial Pathophysiology.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- Pilot study of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers reveals inflammatory changes in patients with paranoid schizophrenia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Functional Impairments in Learning and Signal Propagation Following Prenatal Kynurenine Treatment in Mice.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- White matter microstructure alterations in early psychosis and schizophrenia.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Stable White Matter Structure in the First Three Years After Psychosis Onset.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Resting-state functional connectivity correlates of brain structural aging in schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a disorder of cerebral disconnectivity whose lifetime course is modeled as both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative. The neurodevelopmental models attribute schizophrenia to alterations in the prenatal-to-early adolescent development. The neurodegenerative models identify progressive neurodegeneration as its core attribute. Historically, the physiology, pharmacology, and treatment targets in schizophrenia were conceptualized in terms of neurons, neurotransmitter levels, and synaptic receptors. Much of the evidence for both models was derived from studies of cortical and subcortical gray matter. We argue that the dynamics of the lifetime trajectory of white matter, and the consistency of connectivity deficits in schizophrenia, support white matter integrity as a promising phenotype to evaluate the competing evidence for and against neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative heuristics. We develop this perspective by reviewing normal lifetime trajectories of white and gray matter changes. We highlighted the overlap between the age of peak of white matter development and the age of onset of schizophrenia and reviewed findings of white matter abnormalities prior to, at the onset, and at chronic stages of schizophrenia. We emphasized the findings of reduced white matter integrity at the onset and findings of accelerated decline in chronic stages, but the developmental trajectory that precedes the onset is largely unknown. We propose 4 probable lifetime white matter trajectory models that can be used as the basis for separation between the neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative etiologies. We argue that a combination of the cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of white matter integrity in patients may be used to bridge the neurodevelopment and degeneration heuristics to advance schizophrenia research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.