Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24868534›Full record

ArticleBioMed research international2014

Taking bacteriophage therapy seriously: a moral argument.

Gilbert Verbeken, Isabelle Huys, Jean-Paul Pirnay, Serge Jennes, Nina Chanishvili, Jacques Scheres, Andrzej Górski, Daniel De Vos, Carl Ceulemans

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BioMed research international, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Bacteriophages targetingFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Review
  7. Antivirulence drugs against Acinetobacter baumannii: where do they stand?World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. The Role of Antibiotic ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Application of Bacteriophages in the Agro-Food Sector: A Long Way Toward Approval.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Gilbert VerbekenLaboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120 Brussel, Belgium ; Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium ; Department of Behavioural Sciences, Royal Military Academy, Renaissancelaan 30, 1000 Brussel, Belgium.
Isabelle HuysFaculty of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium ; Centre for Intellectual Property Rights, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 5, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Jean-Paul PirnayLaboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120 Brussel, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-6863-5219
Serge JennesBurn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120 Brussel, Belgium.
Nina ChanishviliR&D Department, Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, 3 Gotua Street, 0160 Tbilisi, Georgia.
Jacques ScheresUniversity Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands ; Dept. Hospital Organization, National Institute of Public Health NIZP, ul. Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland ; Dept. Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-4403-1389
Andrzej GórskiInstitute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland ; The Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland.
Daniel De VosLaboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120 Brussel, Belgium.
Carl CeulemansDepartment of Behavioural Sciences, Royal Military Academy, Renaissancelaan 30, 1000 Brussel, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-1640-788X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The excessive and improper use of antibiotics has led to an increasing incidence of bacterial resistance. In Europe the yearly number of infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria is more than 400.000, each year resulting in 25.000 attributable deaths. Few new antibiotics are in the pipeline of the pharmaceutical industry. Early in the 20th century, bacteriophages were described as entities that can control bacterial populations. Although bacteriophage therapy was developed and practiced in Europe and the former Soviet republics, the use of bacteriophages in clinical setting was neglected in Western Europe since the introduction of traditional antibiotics. Given the worldwide antibiotic crisis there is now a growing interest in making bacteriophage therapy available for use in modern western medicine. Despite the growing interest, access to bacteriophage therapy remains highly problematic. In this paper, we argue that the current state of affairs is morally unacceptable and that all stakeholders (pharmaceutical industry, competent authorities, lawmakers, regulators, and politicians) have the moral duty and the shared responsibility towards making bacteriophage therapy urgently available for all patients in need.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, BacterialAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriaBacterial InfectionsBacteriophagesBiological TherapyDrug IndustryEthics, MedicalEuropeHumansMoralsAnti-Bacterial Agents

Identifiers

PMID24868534
PMCPMC4020481

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.