ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2014
Blood lead concentration and thyroid function during pregnancy: results from the Yugoslavia Prospective Study of Environmental Lead Exposure.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review on the evaluation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals as potential neurotoxins during zebrafish development.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Risk Factors for Thyroid Function Test Abnormalities During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of the Literature to Validate Current Risk Factors and Identify Novel Ones.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2025Pooled it
- Association between multi-metal co-exposure and thyroid cancer risk in Shanxi, China: A case-control study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Association between urinary heavy metal concentrations, thyroid hormones, and birth outcomes among pregnant women in Isfahan City.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Optimizing surgical outcomes in papillary thyroid carcinoma with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: a retrospective comparative study of unilateral and total thyroidectomy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Association of environmental lead toxicity and hematologic outcomes in patients with advanced kidney disease.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2023Article
- Article
- Exposure to common-use pesticides, manganese, lead, and thyroid function among pregnant women from the Infants' Environmental Health (ISA) study, Costa Rica.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Article
- Associations of exposure to cadmium, antimony, lead and their mixture with gestational thyroid homeostasis.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2021Article
- Association of Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution With Thyroid Function During Pregnancy.JAMA network open · 2019Article
- Thyroid hormones and neurobehavioral functions among adolescents chronically exposed to groundwater with geogenic arsenic in Bangladesh.The Science of the total environment · 2019Article
- Non-Essential Trace Elements Dietary Exposure in French Polynesia: Intake Assessment, Nail Bio Monitoring and Thyroid Cancer RiskAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2019Article
- Blood levels of lead and mercury and celiac disease seropositivity: the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2017Article
- Environmental influences on reproductive health: the importance of chemical exposures.Fertility and sterility · 2016Review
- Various Possible Toxicants Involved in Thyroid Dysfunction: A Review.Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR · 2016Review
- Carbon, Climate, and the Endocrine Conundrum.Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolismReview
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough maternal hypothyroidism increases the risk of adverse neonatal and obstetric outcomes as well as lower IQ in children, the environmental determinants of maternal thyroid dysfunction have yet to be fully explored.
objectivesWe aimed to examine associations between mid-pregnancy blood lead (BPb) and concomitant measures of thyroid function among participants in the Yugoslavia Prospective Study of Environmental Lead Exposure.
methodsAs part of a population-based prospective study of two towns in Kosovo-one with high levels of environmental lead and one with low-women were recruited during the second trimester of pregnancy, at which time blood samples and questionnaire data were collected. We measured concentrations of BPb, free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) in archived serum samples.
resultsCompared with women from the unexposed town, women from the exposed town had lower mean FT4 (0.91 ± 0.17 vs. 1.03 ± 0.16 ng/dL), higher mean TPOAb (15.45 ± 33.08 vs. 5.12 ± 6.38 IU/mL), and higher mean BPb (20.00 ± 6.99 vs. 5.57 ± 2.01 μg/dL). No differences in TSH levels were found. After adjustment for potential confounders, for each natural log unit increase in BPb, FT4 decreased by 0.074 ng/dL (95% CI: -0.10, -0.046 ng/dL), and the odds ratio for testing positive to TPOAb was 2.41 (95% CI: 1.53, 3.82). We found no association between BPb and TSH.
conclusionsProlonged lead exposure may contribute to maternal thyroid dysfunction by stimulating autoimmunity to the thyroid gland.
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