ArticleEcoHealth2014
Cloacal aerobic bacterial flora and absence of viruses in free-living slow worms (Anguis fragilis), grass snakes (Natrix natrix) and European Adders (Vipera berus) from Germany.
Article in EcoHealth, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-brumation yeast mycobiota in Vipera berus (European adder): clinically relevant Candida parapsilosis oral dominance and diverse fecal communities compared with warmer-region snakes.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- From Bacterial Diversity to Zoonotic Risk: Characterization of Snake-AssociatedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Microorganisms in wild European reptiles: bridging gaps in neglected conditions to inform disease ecology research.International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2025Review
- Zoonotic bacteria in invasive California Kingsnake Lampropeltis californiae from Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.PloS one · 2025Article
- Virulence factors of Salmonella spp. isolated from free-living grass snakes Natrix natrix.Environmental microbiology reports · 2024Article
- Pathogenic Potential of Opportunistic Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from the Cloacal Microbiota of Free-Living Reptile Hosts Originating from Bulgaria.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Parasites and microorganisms associated with the snakes collected for the "festa Dei serpari" in Cocullo, Italy.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- An extremely rare serovar of Salmonella enterica (Yopougon) discovered in a Western Whip Snake (Hierophis viridiflavus) from Montecristo Island, Italy: case report and review.Archives of microbiology · 2024Review
- Snakes and Souks: Zoonotic pathogens associated to reptiles in the Marrakech markets, Morocco.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Zoonotic Bacteria inAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- The Animal-foods-environment interface of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Germany: an observational study on pathogenicity, resistance development and the current situation.Veterinary research · 2021Review
- The Phylogenetic Structure of Reptile, Avian and UropathogenicInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Cloacal Gram-Negative Microbiota in Free-Living Grass Snake Natrix natrix from Poland.Current microbiology · 2020Article
- Detection and phylogenetic analysis of adenoviruses occurring in a single anole species.PeerJ · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Disease problems caused by viral or bacterial pathogens are common in reptiles kept in captivity. There is no information available on the incidence of viral pathogens or the physiological cloacal bacterial flora of common free-living reptiles in Germany. Therefore, 56 free-living reptiles including 23 European adders (Vipera berus), 12 grass snakes (Natrix natrix) and 21 slow worms (Anguis fragilis) were investigated on the island Hiddensee in northeastern Germany. Pharyngeal and cloacal swabs were taken immediately after capture. Bacteriological examination was performed from the cloacal swabs to study the aerobic cloacal flora. Molecular biological examination included amplification of DNA or RNA from adeno-, rana- and ferlaviruses as well as culturing on Russell's viper heart cells for virus isolation. Salmonella spp. were isolated from European adders but not from the other reptiles examined. The minimal inhibitory concentration was determined from the isolated Salmonella spp. However, some potentially human pathogenic bacteria, such as Proteus vulgaris, Aeromonas hydrophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were isolated. Viruses were not detected in any of the examined reptiles. To the authors' best knowledge, the present study is the first survey of viral pathogens in free-living snakes and slow worms in Germany and the first survey of cloacal aerobic bacterial flora of slow worms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.