ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2014
Cryptosporidiosis in HIV/AIDS patients in Kenya: clinical features, epidemiology, molecular characterization and antibody responses.
Abstract read
In one paragraph
Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Global Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Parasitic Coinfection in People Living with Viruses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Measurement in the study of human exposure to animal feces: A systematic review and audit.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2023Pooled it
- Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium Infections among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria: Results of Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Acta parasitologica · 2021Pooled it
- Cryptosporidiosis in HIV-positive patients and related risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Exposure to Animal Feces and Human Health: A Systematic Review and Proposed Research Priorities.Environmental science & technology · 2017Pooled it
- Examination of ELISA against PCR for assessing treatment efficacy against Cryptosporidium in a clinical trial context.PloS one · 2023Trial
- Genotyping and molecular profiling of intestinal microsporidiosis and cryptosporidiosis in HIV-infected patients in Alborz Province, Iran.Gut pathogens · 2025Article
- Independent evolution of holocentric chromosomes in an early branching apicomplexan parasite.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Efficacy of medicinal plants in cryptosporidiosis treatment: a comprehensive review.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2025Review
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Waterborne and Foodborne Protozoan Pathogens in Kenya: A One Health Perspective.China CDC weekly · 2025Article
- Mendelian segregation and high recombination rates facilitate genetic analyses in Cryptosporidium parvum.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- Dendritic cell-mediated responses to secreted Cryptosporidium effectors promote parasite-specific CD8Mucosal immunology · 2024Article
- Mendelian segregation and high recombination rates facilitate genetic analyses inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Safe and effective treatments are needed for cryptosporidiosis, a truly neglected tropical disease.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- An update onJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2022Review
- Prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitic infections among HIV clients attending Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda.The Pan African medical journal · 2022Article
- Evaluation of possible prophylactic and therapeutic effect of mefloquine on experimental cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised mice.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2021Article
- Molecular Characterisation ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Use-case scenarios for an anti-Cryptosporidium therapeutic.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Jane W WanyiriDivision of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Center of Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Center of Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya jwanyir1@jhmi.edu hward@tuftsmedicalcenter.org.
Henry KanyiDivision of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Center of Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Center of Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
Samuel MainaDivision of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Center of Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Center of Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
David E WangDivision of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Center of Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Center of Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
Aaron SteenDivision of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Center of Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Center of Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
Paul NgugiDivision of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Center of Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Center of Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
Timothy KamauDivision of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Center of Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Center of Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
Tabitha WaitheraDivision of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Center of Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Center of Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
Roberta O'ConnorDivision of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Center of Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Center of Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
Kimani GachuhiDivision of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Center of Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Center of Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
Claire N WamaeDivision of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Center of Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Center of Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
Mkaya MwamburiDivision of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Center of Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Center of Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
Honorine D WardDivision of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Center of Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Center of Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya jwanyir1@jhmi.edu hward@tuftsmedicalcenter.org.
Funding
Translational ScienceP30AI042853 · NIAID · MIRIAM HOSPITAL · PI LARRY K BROWN · 1998 to 2026
$51.7MFogarty International Clinical Research Scholars Support Center @ Vanderbilt-AAMCR24TW007988 · FIC · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI VERMUND, STEN H. · 2007 to 2011
$27.6MImmune Response to Cryptosporidiosis in a Birth Cohorot of Children of South IndiR01AI072222 · NIAID · TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER · PI WARD, HONORINE D · 2008 to 2012
$3.1MHIV PATHOGENESIS TRAINING PROGRAMT32AI007389 · NIAID · TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER · PI WARD, HONORINE D · 1990 to 2011
$2.3MMolecular Basis of Crytosporidium-Host cell InteractionR01AI052786 · NIAID · TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER · PI WARD, HONORINE D · 2003 to 2007
$1.8MFIC NIH HHS R24 TW007988NIAID NIH HHS 5P30AI042853NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI042853NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI052786NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI072222NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI52786NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007389
Abstract
We investigated the epidemiological and clinical features of cryptosporidiosis, the molecular characteristics of infecting species and serum antibody responses to three Cryptosporidium-specific antigens in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in Kenya. Cryptosporidium was the most prevalent enteric pathogen and was identified in 56 of 164 (34%) of HIV/AIDS patients, including 25 of 70 (36%) with diarrhea and 31 of 94 (33%) without diarrhea. Diarrhea in patients exclusively infected with Cryptosporidium was significantly associated with the number of children per household, contact with animals, and water treatment. Cryptosporidium hominis was the most prevalent species and the most prevalent subtype family was Ib. Patients without diarrhea had significantly higher serum IgG levels to Chgp15, Chgp40 and Cp23, and higher fecal IgA levels to Chgp15 and Chgp40 than those with diarrhea suggesting that antibody responses to these antigens may be associated with protection from diarrhea and supporting further investigation of these antigens as vaccine candidates.
Indexed as
HIVAdultAnimalsAntibodies, ProtozoanAntigens, ProtozoanCoinfectionCryptosporidiosisCryptosporidiumDiarrheaFamily CharacteristicsFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansImmunoglobulin AImmunoglobulin GKenyaAntibodies, ProtozoanAntigens, ProtozoanImmunoglobulin AImmunoglobulin G
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.