Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24864079›Full record

ReviewEuropean heart journal2014

Anti-inflammatory therapies for cardiovascular disease.

Paul M Ridker, Thomas F Lüscher

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in European heart journal, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 255 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
255citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
27.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03222206 phase4completednot on this mapstarted 2017, after this paper: background citation

The Comparison of Effect Between Salsalate and Placebo in Osteoarthritis With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Investigator Initiated Randomized Placebo-controlled Double-blind, Pilot Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorKorea University Guro HospitalRan2017 to 2019Enrolled34ConditionsNon Alcoholic Fatty Liver, Osteo ArthritisArmsSalsalate, Placebo
NCT04753307 unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Perioperative Inflammatory Response Assessment in High-risk Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery - a Prospective Non-interventional Observational Study

TypeobservationalSponsorMedical University of ViennaRan2021 to 2025Enrolled1,400ConditionsPostoperative Complications, Cardiovascular Complication, Myocardial Ischemia, InflammationArmsLaboratory measurements
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

255 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 541 citations in OpenAlex.

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  17. [EJNMMI research · 2026
    Review
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195 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Paul M RidkerDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215 USA Division of Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215 USA pridker@partners.org.
Thomas F LüscherCardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich and Center for Molecular Cardiology, Campus Schlieren, University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Brigham and Women's Hospital · USUniversity Hospital of Zurich · CH

Funding

Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial (CIRT)U01HL101422 · NHLBI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI RIDKER, PAUL M. · 2011 to 2018
$55.4M
NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL101422
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Atherothrombosis is no longer considered solely a disorder of lipoprotein accumulation in the arterial wall. Rather, the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions is currently understood to have major inflammatory influences that encompass components of both the innate and acquired immune systems. Promising clinical data for 'upstream' biomarkers of inflammation such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as 'downstream' biomarkers such as C-reactive protein, observations regarding cholesterol crystals as an activator of the IL-1β generating inflammasome, and recent Mendelian randomization data for the IL-6 receptor support the hypothesis that inflammatory mediators of atherosclerosis may converge on the central IL-1, tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), IL-6 signalling pathway. On this basis, emerging anti-inflammatory approaches to vascular protection can be categorized into two broad groups, those that target the central IL-6 inflammatory signalling pathway and those that do not. Large-scale Phase III trials are now underway with agents that lead to marked reductions in IL-6 and C-reactive protein (such as canakinumab and methotrexate) as well as with agents that impact on diverse non-IL-6-dependent pathways (such as varespladib and darapladib). Both approaches have the potential to benefit patients and reduce vascular events. However, care should be taken when interpreting these trials as outcomes for agents that target IL-6 signalling are unlikely to be informative for therapies that target alternative pathways, and vice versa. As the inflammatory system is redundant, compensatory, and crucial for survival, evaluation of risks as well as benefits must drive the development of agents in this class.

Indexed as

Adaptive ImmunityAnti-Inflammatory AgentsAntioxidantsAtherosclerosisCarrier ProteinsCell Adhesion MoleculesColchicineC-Reactive ProteinHumansHydroxychloroquineInterleukin-1Interleukin-6Interleukin-6 InhibitorsLeukotriene AntagonistsLipoproteins, HDLMethotrexateAnti-Inflammatory AgentsAntioxidantsCarrier ProteinsCell Adhesion MoleculesColchicineC-Reactive ProteinHydroxychloroquineInterleukin-1Interleukin-6Interleukin-6 InhibitorsLeukotriene AntagonistsLipoproteins, HDLMethotrexateNLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 ProteinNLRP3 protein, humanPhospholipase A2 InhibitorsReceptors, Interleukin-1SerpinsSirtuinsTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaAtherosclerosisCanakinumabColchicineC reactive proteinDarapladibInflammasomeInflammationInterleukin-6MethotrexateSalsalate

Identifiers

PMID24864079
PMCPMC4155455
OpenAlexW2073054137

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.