ArticleCells2014
Breaking the Gingival Epithelial Barrier: Role of the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Cytolethal Distending Toxin in Oral Infectious Disease.
Article in Cells, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbiological and molecular aspects of periodontitis pathogenesis: an infection-induced inflammatory condition.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Experimental Inoculation ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Grade C Molar-Incisor Pattern Periodontitis in Young Adults: What Have We Learned So Far?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Induction of Periodontitis Using Bacterial Strains Isolated from the Human Oral Microbiome in an Experimental Rat Model.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Illuminating the oral microbiome: cellular microbiology.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2023Article
- Human Serum Mediated Bacteriophage Life Cycle Switch inLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A high-throughput, 28-day, microfluidic model of gingival tissue inflammation and recovery.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Article
- Neutrophil elastase aggravates periodontitis by disrupting gingival epithelial barrier via cleaving cell adhesion molecules.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Review
- Probiotics-Mediated Bioconversion and Periodontitis.Food science of animal resources · 2021Review
- Periodontal Disease: The Good, The Bad, and The Unknown.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Periodontal Disease and Senescent Cells: New Players for an Old Oral Health Problem?International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Gut Microbiota and Colon Cancer: A Role for Bacterial Protein Toxins?International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Cytolethal distending toxin-induced release of interleukin-1β by human macrophages is dependent upon activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and the noncanonical inflammasome.Cellular microbiology · 2020Article
- Review
- Mitigation of the Toxic Effects of Periodontal Pathogens by Candidate Probiotics in Oral Keratinocytes, and in an Invertebrate Model.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Virulence and Pathogenicity Properties ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Genetic Profiling ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is part of the HACEK group that causes infective endocarditis, a constituent of the oral flora that promotes some forms of periodontal disease and a member of the family of species that secrete a cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt). The family of bacteria that express the cdt genes participate in diseases that involve the disruption of a mucosal or epithelial layer. In vitro studies have shown that human gingival epithelial cells (HGEC) are native targets of the Cdt that typically induces DNA damage that signals growth arrest at the G2/M interphase of the cell cycle. The gingival epithelium is an early line of defense in the oral cavity against microbial assault. When damaged, bacteria collectively gain entry into the underlying connective tissue where microbial products can affect processes and pathways in infiltrating inflammatory cells culminating in the destruction of the attachment apparatus of the tooth. One approach has been the use of an ex vivo gingival explant model to assess the effects of the Cdt on the morphology and integrity of the tissue. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of these studies and to critically examine the potential contribution of the Cdt to the breakdown of the protective gingival barrier.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.