Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24861973›Full record

ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2014

Does every US smoker bear the same cigarette tax?

Xin Xu, Ann Malarcher, Alissa O'Halloran, Judy Kruger

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Tobacco Couponing: A Systematic Review of Exposures and Effects on Tobacco Initiation and Cessation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022
    Pooled it
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  10. Longitudinal Associations of Cigarette Prices With Smoking Cessation: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019
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  17. Price-Minimizing Behaviors in a Cohort of Smokers before and after a Cigarette Tax Increase.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Xin XuOffice on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Ann Malarcher
Alissa O'Halloran
Judy Kruger

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsTo evaluate state cigarette excise tax pass-through rates for selected price-minimizing strategies.

designMultivariate regression analysis of current smokers from a stratified, national, dual-frame telephone survey.

settingUnited States.

participantsA total of 16 542 adult current smokers aged 18 years or older. MEASUREMENTS: Cigarette per pack prices paid with and without coupons were obtained for pack versus carton purchase, use of generic brands versus premium brands, and purchase from Indian reservations versus outside Indian reservations.

findingsThe average per pack prices paid differed substantially by price-minimizing strategy. Smokers who used any type of price-minimizing strategies paid substantially less than those who did not use these strategies (P < 0.05). Premium brand users who purchased by pack in places outside Indian reservations paid the entire amount of the excise tax, together with an additional premium of 7-10 cents per pack for every $1 increase in excise tax (pass-through rate of 1.07-1.10, P < 0.05). In contrast, carton purchasers, generic brand users or those who were likely to make their purchases on Indian reservations paid only 30-83 cents per pack for every $1 tax increase (pass-through rate of 0.30-0.83, P < 0.05).

conclusionsMany smokers in the United States are able to avoid the full impact of state excise tax on cost of smoking by buying cartons, using generic brands and buying from Indian reservations.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedCommerceCost SavingsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisSmokingTaxesTobacco ProductsUnited StatesYoung AdultBehaviorcigarette smokingpass-through ratepricessmokingtaxes

Identifiers

PMID24861973
PMCPMC4591540

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.