Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24861447›Full record

ArticleHeart rhythm2014

Early repolarization is associated with symptoms in patients with type 1 and type 2 long QT syndrome.

Zachary W M Laksman, Lorne J Gula, Pradyot Saklani, Romain Cassagneau, Christian Steinberg, Susan Conacher, Raymond Yee, Allan Skanes, Peter Leong-Sit, Jaimie Manlucu and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Heart rhythm, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Early Repolarisation - What Should the Clinician Do?Arrhythmia & electrophysiology review · 2015
    Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Zachary W M LaksmanDivision of Cardiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Lorne J GulaDivision of Cardiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Pradyot SaklaniDivision of Cardiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Romain CassagneauDivision of Cardiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Christian SteinbergDivision of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Susan ConacherDivision of Cardiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Raymond YeeDivision of Cardiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Allan SkanesDivision of Cardiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Peter Leong-SitDivision of Cardiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Jaimie ManlucuDivision of Cardiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
George J KleinDivision of Cardiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Andrew D KrahnDivision of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Electronic address: akrahn@mail.ubc.ca.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEarly repolarization (ER) is associated with an increased risk for death from cardiac causes. Recent evidence supports ER's role as a modifier and/or predictor of risk in many cardiac conditions.

objectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of ER among genotype-positive patients with long QT syndrome (LQTS) and evaluate its utility in predicting the risk of symptoms.

methodsER was defined as QRS slurring and/or notching associated with ≥1-mV QRS-ST junction (J-point) elevation in at least 2 contiguous leads, excluding the anterior precordial leads. The ECG with the most prominent ER was used for analysis. Major ER was defined as ≥ 2-mm J-point elevation. Symptoms of LQTS included cardiac syncope, documented polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT), and resuscitated cardiac arrest.

resultsOne hundred thirteen patients (mean age 41 ± 19 years; 63 female) were reviewed, among whom 414 (mean 3.7 ± 1.5) ECGs were analyzed. Of these, 30 patients (27%) with a history of symptoms. Fifty patients (44%) had ER, and 19 patients (17%) had major ER. Patients with major ER were not different from patients without major ER with respect to age, sex, long QT type, longest QTc recorded, number of patients with QTc >500 ms, or use of beta-blockade. Univariate and independent predictors of symptom status included the presence of major ER, longest QTc recorded >500 ms, and female sex.

conclusionER ≥2 mm was the strongest independent predictor of symptom status related to LQTS, along with female sex and QTc >500 ms.

Indexed as

ElectrocardiographyAdultDNADNA Mutational AnalysisFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGenotypeHeart Conduction SystemHeart RateHumansIncidenceKCNQ1 Potassium ChannelKCNQ2 Potassium ChannelLondonLong QT SyndromeMaleDNAKCNQ1 Potassium ChannelKCNQ1 protein, humanKCNQ2 Potassium ChannelKCNQ2 protein, humanArrhythmiaEarly repolarizationLong QT syndromeRisk stratificationSyncope

Identifiers

PMID24861447

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.