ReviewFrontiers in integrative neuroscience2014
Recovery of neuronal and network excitability after spinal cord injury and implications for spasticity.
Review in Frontiers in integrative neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT06564714 (Early Pharmacological Treatment of Acute Spasticity After Spinal Cord Injury to Promote Long-term Neurofunctional Recovery), which is not on this map. Cited by 82 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Early Pharmacological Treatment of Acute Spasticity After Spinal Cord Injury to Promote Long-term Neurofunctional Recovery: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed.
- Combinatorial approaches increasing neuronal activity accelerate recovery after spinal cord injury.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Trial
- Descending Brainstem Systems Contribute to Ankle Clonus in Humans with Spinal Cord Injury.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Reflex and functional responses to distal tibial/medial plantar nerve electrical stimulation in the treadmill-locomoting spinal cat.Journal of neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Enhanced Reticulospinal Output in Subacute Spinal Cord Injury Patients with Spasticity.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Relationship Between Spinal Reflexes and Spastic Movement Disorders.Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America · 2026Review
- Transauricular facial nerve combing for post-paralytic synkinesis and tightness: a propensity score-matched study.BMC surgery · 2026Article
- Molecularly diverse glycinergic interneurons in the medial deep dorsal horn are interposed between primary sensory afferents and spinal Shox2 interneurons.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2026Article
- Review: spinal shock, crossed extensor reflex, and mass reflex in dogs and cats-a literature review, clinical observations and considerations.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Development and validation of the electrosacrogram (ESG): a digital point-of-care tool for real-time neuro-sacral assessment after spinal cord injury.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of Different Motor Neurons in the Occurrence of Spasticity After Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Spastic Paresis: A Treatable Movement Disorder.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Article
- Early functional proprioceptive stimulation in high spinal cord injury: a pilot study.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2025Article
- Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation neuromodulates pre- and postsynaptic inhibition in the control of spinal spasticity.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Multi-session transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation prevents chloride homeostasis imbalance and the development of hyperreflexia after spinal cord injury in rat.Experimental neurology · 2024Article
- Intrinsic motoneuron properties in typical human development.The Journal of physiology · 2024Article
- Knockdown of calpain1 in lumbar motoneurons reduces spasticity after spinal cord injury in adult rats.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- Corticospinal tract: a new hope for the treatment of post-stroke spasticity.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2024Review
- Effects of non-invasive cervical spinal cord neuromodulation by trans-spinal electrical stimulation on cortico-muscular descending patterns in upper extremity of chronic stroke.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Acute suppression of lower limb spasm by sacral afferent stimulation for people with spinal cord injury: A pilot study.Wearable technologies · 2024Article
- Multi-session transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation prevents chloridehomeostasis imbalance and the development of spasticity after spinal cordinjury in rat.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The state of areflexia and muscle weakness that immediately follows a spinal cord injury (SCI) is gradually replaced by the recovery of neuronal and network excitability, leading to both improvements in residual motor function and the development of spasticity. In this review we summarize recent animal and human studies that describe how motoneurons and their activation by sensory pathways become hyperexcitable to compensate for the reduction of functional activation of the spinal cord and the eventual impact on the muscle. Specifically, decreases in the inhibitory control of sensory transmission and increases in intrinsic motoneuron excitability are described. We present the idea that replacing lost patterned activation of the spinal cord by activating synaptic inputs via assisted movements, pharmacology or electrical stimulation may help to recover lost spinal inhibition. This may lead to a reduction of uncontrolled activation of the spinal cord and thus, improve its controlled activation by synaptic inputs to ultimately normalize circuit function. Increasing the excitation of the spinal cord with spared descending and/or peripheral inputs by facilitating movement, instead of suppressing it pharmacologically, may provide the best avenue to improve residual motor function and manage spasticity after SCI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.