ArticleBMJ open2014
The development and exploratory analysis of the Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire (Back-PAQ).
Article in BMJ open, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05960760 (Assessing the Cross-cultural Validity and Reliability of the German Version of the Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Assessing the Cross-cultural Validity and Reliability of the German Version of the Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire (Back-PAQ_G) Within the German-speaking Swiss Population
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reconsolidation Blockade with Propranolol as a Novel Treatment for Chronic Low-Back Pain: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Feasibility Study.Journal of pain research · 2026Trial
- Comparing the impact of interactive versus traditional e-learning on physiotherapists' knowledge, attitudes, and clinical decision-making in low back pain management: a randomized controlled trial.The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy · 2025Trial
- The Fear Reduction Exercised Early (FREE) approach to management of low back pain in general practice: A pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial.PLoS medicine · 2019Trial
- Trial
- PRIME - A multilevel intervention for low back pain management in primary care: Protocol for an effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 1 cluster randomized controlled trial.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2026Article
- People in Brazil hold unhelpful beliefs about low back pain: An online survey using the back pain attitudes questionnaire.Brazilian journal of physical therapy · 2026Article
- 'It might help, but it won't fix me': a qualitative study of individuals' beliefs about manual therapy for low back pain.Chiropractic & manual therapies · 2026Article
- What do the general public believe about back pain? A scoping review of population-based studies.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Development, Cultural Adaptation, and Content Validation of Urdu Pain Neuroscience Education Materials for Low Back Pain in Pakistan.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- From acute to chronic: the PREVENT protocol for understanding pain progression after emergency department visits.Primary health care research & development · 2025Observational
- Article
- Therapeutic approaches and conceptions of practice of osteopaths in Australia - a national cross-sectional study and exploratory factor analysis of the Osteo-TAQ.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Chronic Pain in Spanish Physiotherapy Practice: Treatment Challenges and Opportunities in Diverse Healthcare Settings-A Qualitative Study.Clinics and practice · 2024Article
- Validation of the Arabic Version of the Attitude Toward Education and Advice for Low Back Pain Questionnaire.Patient preference and adherence · 2024Article
- Exploring the complexity of commonly held attitudes and beliefs of low back pain-a network analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- How Do Physiotherapists Explain Influencing Factors to Chronic Low Back Pain? A Qualitative Study Using a Fictive Case of Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Management of Low Back Pain: Do Physiotherapists Know the Evidence-Based Guidelines?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- An Exploration of the Influence of Non-Biomechanical Factors on Lifting-Related LBP.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- From protection to non-protection: A mixed methods study investigating movement, posture and recovery from disabling low back pain.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2022Article
- Beliefs about back pain and associations with clinical outcomes: a primary care cohort study.BMJ open · 2022Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo develop an instrument to assess attitudes and underlying beliefs about back pain, and subsequently investigate its internal consistency and underlying structures.
designThe instrument was developed by a multidisciplinary team of clinicians and researchers based on analysis of qualitative interviews with people experiencing acute and chronic back pain. Exploratory analysis was conducted using data from a population-based cross-sectional survey.
settingQualitative interviews with community-based participants and subsequent postal survey.
participantsInstrument development informed by interviews with 12 participants with acute back pain and 11 participants with chronic back pain. Data for exploratory analysis collected from New Zealand residents and citizens aged 18 years and above. 1000 participants were randomly selected from the New Zealand Electoral Roll. 602 valid responses were received. MEASURES: The 34-item Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire (Back-PAQ) was developed. Internal consistency was evaluated by the Cronbach α coefficient. Exploratory analysis investigated the structure of the data using Principal Component Analysis.
resultsThe 34-item long form of the scale had acceptable internal consistency (α=0.70; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.73). Exploratory analysis identified five two-item principal components which accounted for 74% of the variance in the reduced data set: 'vulnerability of the back'; 'relationship between back pain and injury'; 'activity participation while experiencing back pain'; 'prognosis of back pain' and 'psychological influences on recovery'. Internal consistency was acceptable for the reduced 10-item scale (α=0.61; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.66) and the identified components (α between 0.50 and 0.78).
conclusionsThe 34-item long form of the scale may be appropriate for use in future cross-sectional studies. The 10-item short form may be appropriate for use as a screening tool, or an outcome assessment instrument. Further testing of the 10-item Back-PAQ's construct validity, reliability, responsiveness to change and predictive ability needs to be conducted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.