ReviewClinical pharmacokinetics2014
Pharmacokinetics of antiretrovirals in genital secretions and anatomic sites of HIV transmission: implications for HIV prevention.
Review in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brief Report: Vaginal Viral Shedding With Undetectable Plasma HIV Viral Load in Pregnant Women Receiving 2 Different Antiretroviral Regimens: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2021Trial
- Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic investigation of raltegravir with or without lamivudine in the context of HIV-1 pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2021Trial
- PrEP at the site of action in cisgender and transgender women: A pharmacology study of blood and rectal CD4British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Seminal plasma concentrations of long-acting cabotegravir in men receiving HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Lenacapavir: Playing the Long Game in the New Era of Antiretrovirals.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Review
- Pharmacokinetics, the Immunological Impact, and the Effect on HIVAIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Article
- TheiScience · 2022Article
- Virological and Immunological Outcomes of an Intensified Four-Drug versus a Standard Three-Drug Antiretroviral Regimen, Both Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor-Based, in Primary HIV Infection.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Pharmacology of HIV Cure: Site of Action.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2021Review
- Dose prediction for repurposing nitazoxanide in SARS-CoV-2 treatment or chemoprophylaxis.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Article
- Subclinical Genital Herpes Shedding in HIV/Herpes Simplex Virus 2-Coinfected Women during Antiretroviral Therapy Is Associated with an Increase in HIV Tissue Reservoirs and Potentially Promotes HIV Evolution.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Efficacy, pharmacokinetics and neurocognitive performance of dual, NRTI-sparing antiretroviral therapy in acute HIV-infection.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Article
- Antiretroviral Therapy Concentrations Differ in Gut vs. Lymph Node Tissues and Are Associated With HIV Viral Transcription by a Novel RT-ddPCR Assay.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2020Article
- The Potential of Long-Acting, Tissue-Targeted Synthetic Nanotherapy for Delivery of Antiviral Therapy Against HIV Infection.Viruses · 2020Review
- Rational Development of Liposomal Hydrogels: A Strategy for Topical Vaginal Antiretroviral Drug Delivery in the Context of HIV Prevention.Pharmaceutics · 2019Article
- Sexually transmitted infections and HIV in the era of antiretroviral treatment and prevention: the biologic basis for epidemiologic synergy.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Review
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance: 2018 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- The Pre-clinical Toolbox of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics:Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Review
- Pharmacology of Antiretrovirals in the Female Genital Tract for HIV Prevention.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Review
- Antiretroviral Therapy and Alcohol Interactions: X-raying Testicular and Seminal Parameters Under the HAART Era.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The incidence of HIV remains alarmingly high in many parts of the world. Prophylactic use of antiretrovirals, capable of concentrating in the anatomical sites of transmission, may reduce the risk of infection after an unprotected sexual exposure. To date, orally and topically administered antiretrovirals have exhibited variable success in preventing HIV transmission in large-scale clinical trials. Antiretroviral mucosal pharmacokinetics may help explain the outcomes of these investigations. Penetration and accumulation of antiretrovirals into sites of transmission can influence dosing strategies and pre-exposure prophylaxis clinical trial design. Antiretroviral tissue distribution varies widely within and between drug classes, attributed in part to their physicochemical properties and tissue-specific drug transporter expression. Nucleoside(-tide) reverse transcriptase inhibitors, the CCR5 antagonist maraviroc, and the integrase inhibitor raltegravir demonstrate the highest penetration into the male and female reproductive tracts and colorectal tissue relative to blood. This review describes antiretroviral exposure in anatomic sites of transmission, and places these findings in context with the prevention of HIV and the efficacy of pre-exposure prophylactic strategies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.