ReviewLancet (London, England)2014
London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games: public health surveillance and epidemiology.
Review in Lancet (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of public health measures and strategies to reduce risk of spread of respiratory pathogens at sporting mass gatherings: systematic literature review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives (CBRNEs) preparedness for sporting event mass gatherings: A systematic review of the literature.American journal of disaster medicinePooled it
- The Eat-Out-to-Help-Out incentive: A trigger for gastrointestinal infections in England, 2020?Epidemiology and infection · 2025Article
- The Development and Growth of the English National Real-Time Syndromic Surveillance Program: Key Developments and Lessons Learned From the First Two Decades.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Preparing for Potential Health and Safety Risks at the Olympic Games: Scoping Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- Assessing Environmental Health and Hygiene: A Study of Public Restroom Conditions at the 2020 Tokyo and 2024 Paris Olympics.Iranian journal of public health · 2025Article
- Sports Dietitians Evaluation of Food Provision for Athletes at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games.European journal of sport science · 2025Article
- Review
- Preparedness for infectious diseases during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games: advancing the health system beyond the games.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Review
- Patient characteristics of medical encounters at the Olympic Stadium during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic games.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Delivering emergency care at the religious mass gathering of India: an amalgamation of technology and spirituality-an institutional experience of managing pilgrims at Mahakumbh Prayagraj.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Public health preparedness, syndromic surveillance, and response during the largest religious gathering at the Catholic pilgrimage center of Velankanni in South India: 2016.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Risk-based management of international sporting events during the COVID-19 pandemic.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2024Article
- Pathogen prioritisation for wastewater surveillance ahead of the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games, France.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Article
- Psychological status of medical security teams in Winter Olympic Games and Paralympics under COVID-19.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Foodborne botulism outbreak involving different nationalities during the Rugby World Cup: critical role of credit card data and rapid international cooperation, France, September 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2023Article
- Case study of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games: Implications for global mass gathering events amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Social contact patterns in Japan in the COVID-19 pandemic during and after the Tokyo Olympic Games.Journal of global health · 2022Article
- Association between Olympic Games and children's growth: evidence from China.British journal of sports medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mass gatherings are regarded as potential risks for transmission of infectious diseases, and might compromise the health system of countries in which they are hosted. The evidence for increased transmission of infectious diseases at international sporting mass gatherings that attract many visitors from all over the world is not clear, and the evidence base for public health surveillance, epidemiology, and response at events such as the Olympics is small. However, infectious diseases are a recognised risk, and public health planning is, and should remain, a crucial part of the overall planning of sporting events. In this Series paper, we set out the planning and the surveillance systems that were used to monitor public health risks during the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games in the summer of 2012, and draw attention to the public health issues-infectious diseases and chemical, radiation, and environmental hazards-that arose. Although the absolute risk of health-protection problems, including infectious diseases, at sporting mass gatherings is small, the need for reassurance of the absence of problems is higher than has previously been considered; this could challenge conventional public health surveillance systems. Recognition of the limitations of health-surveillance systems needs to be part of the planning for future sporting events.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.