Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24856363›Full record

ArticleStructure (London, England : 1993)2014

Random single amino acid deletion sampling unveils structural tolerance and the benefits of helical registry shift on GFP folding and structure.

James A J Arpino, Samuel C Reddington, Lisa M Halliwell, Pierre J Rizkallah, D Dafydd Jones

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Structure (London, England : 1993), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Exploring the deletion landscape ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Structural and energetic analysis of stabilizing indel mutations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Computational modeling and prediction of deletion mutants.Structure (London, England : 1993) · 2023
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Comparative Genomics of Six LyticPHAGE (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2022
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. mGreenLantern: a bright monomeric fluorescent protein with rapid expression and cell filling properties for neuronal imaging.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

James A J ArpinoSchool of Biosciences, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
Samuel C ReddingtonSchool of Biosciences, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
Lisa M HalliwellSchool of Biosciences, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
Pierre J RizkallahSchool of Medicine, Cardiff University, WHRI, Main Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
D Dafydd JonesSchool of Biosciences, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK. Electronic address: jonesdd@cf.ac.uk.
Cardiff University · GB

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/E001084Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/E007384/1Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/FOF/263
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Altering a protein's backbone through amino acid deletion is a common evolutionary mutational mechanism, but is generally ignored during protein engineering primarily because its effect on the folding-structure-function relationship is difficult to predict. Using directed evolution, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was observed to tolerate residue deletion across the breadth of the protein, particularly within short and long loops, helical elements, and at the termini of strands. A variant with G4 removed from a helix (EGFP(G4Δ)) conferred significantly higher cellular fluorescence. Folding analysis revealed that EGFP(G4Δ) retained more structure upon unfolding and refolded with almost 100% efficiency but at the expense of thermodynamic stability. The EGFP(G4Δ) structure revealed that G4 deletion caused a beneficial helical registry shift resulting in a new polar interaction network, which potentially stabilizes a cis proline peptide bond and links secondary structure elements. Thus, deletion mutations and registry shifts can enhance proteins through structural rearrangements not possible by substitution mutations alone.

Indexed as

Amino Acid SequenceCrystallography, X-RayDirected Molecular EvolutionFluorescenceGreen Fluorescent ProteinsKineticsModels, MolecularProtein FoldingProtein StabilityProtein Structure, SecondaryProtein Structure, TertiaryRecombinant ProteinsSequence Deletionenhanced green fluorescent proteinGreen Fluorescent ProteinsRecombinant Proteins

Identifiers

PMID24856363
PMCPMC4058518
OpenAlexW2011771168

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.