Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24855154›Full record

ArticleDiabetes care2014

Insulin therapy in people with type 2 diabetes: opportunities and challenges?

Philip Home, Matthew Riddle, William T Cefalu, Clifford J Bailey, Reinhard G Bretzel, Stefano Del Prato, Derek Leroith, Guntram Schernthaner, Luc van Gaal, Itamar Raz

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes care, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
74citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
8.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 172 citations in OpenAlex.

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14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 9 institutions in 7 countries.

Philip HomeNewcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.
Matthew RiddleOregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR.
William T CefaluPennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA william.cefalu@pbrc.edu.
Clifford J BaileyFRCPath, Aston University, Birmingham, U.K.
Reinhard G BretzelJustus Liebeg University, Giessen, Germany.
Stefano Del PratoDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy.
Derek LeroithMount Sinai Medical School, New York, NYRambam Technion Hospital, Haifa, Israel.
Guntram SchernthanerDepartment of Medicine I, Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
Luc van GaalAntwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
Itamar RazDiabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
Antwerp University Hospital · BEHebrew University of Jerusalem · ILMount Sinai Medical Center · USNewcastle University · GBOregon Health & Science University · USPennington Biomedical Research Center · USRudolfinerhaus Hospital · ATUniversity of Giessen · DEUniversity of Pisa · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Given the continued interest in defining the optimal management of individuals with type 2 diabetes, the Editor of Diabetes Care convened a working party of diabetes specialists to examine this topic in the context of insulin therapy. This was prompted by recent new evidence on the use of insulin in such people. The group was aware of evidence that the benefits of insulin therapy are still usually offered late, and thus the aim of the discussion was how to define the optimal timing and basis for decisions regarding insulin and to apply these concepts in practice. It was noted that recent evidence had built upon that of the previous decades, together confirming the benefits and safety of insulin therapy, albeit with concerns about the potential for hypoglycemia and gain in body weight. Insulin offers a unique ability to control hyperglycemia, being used from the time of diagnosis in some circumstances, when metabolic control is disturbed by medical illness, procedures, or therapy, as well as in the longer term in ambulatory care. For those previously starting insulin, various other forms of therapy can be added later, which offer complementary effects appropriate to individual needs. Here we review current evidence and circumstances in which insulin can be used, consider individualized choices of alternatives and combination regimens, and offer some guidance on personalized targets and tactics for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2HumansHyperglycemiaHypoglycemiaHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin

Identifiers

PMID24855154
PMCPMC5131884
OpenAlexW2128395400

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.