ArticleMicrovascular research2014
Cigarette smoke-induced lung endothelial apoptosis and emphysema are associated with impairment of FAK and eIF2α.
Article in Microvascular research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response in lung diseases: molecular pathways and therapeutic interventions.The Journal of pathology · 2026Review
- Targeting Focal Adhesion Kinase in Lung Diseases: Current Progress and Future Directions.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Quantitative proteome and lysine succinylome characterization of zinc chloride smoke-induced lung injury in mice.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Identifying biomarkers of endoplasmic reticulum stress and analyzing immune cell infiltration in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using machine learning.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Strain-dependent lung transcriptomic differences in cigarette smoke and LPS models of lung injury in mice.Physiological genomics · 2023Article
- Impact of Particles on Pulmonary Endothelial Cells.Toxics · 2022Review
- Role of Lysocardiolipin Acyltransferase in Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Epithelial Cell Mitochondrial ROS, Mitochondrial Dynamics, and Apoptosis.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2022Article
- CIGARETTE SMOKING INCREASES THE RISK OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME.Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association · 2022Article
- Article
- The pentose phosphate pathway mediates hyperoxia-induced lung vascular dysgenesis and alveolar simplification in neonates.JCI insight · 2021Article
- Macrophages Inhibit Ciliary Protein Levels by Secreting BMP-2 Leading to Airway Epithelial Remodeling Under Cigarette Smoke Exposure.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Article
- The Restorative Effect of Red Guava (Veterinary medicine international · 2021Article
- Mitochondrial Fission Mediated Cigarette Smoke-induced Pulmonary Endothelial Injury.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2020Article
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress and glutathione therapeutics in chronic lung diseases.Redox biology · 2020Review
- Endosomes and Autophagy: Regulators of Pulmonary Endothelial Cell Homeostasis in Health and Disease.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2019Review
- The effects of cigarette smoking extracts on cell cycle and tumor spread: novel evidence.Future science OA · 2019Review
- Notch1 regulates endothelial apoptosis via the ERK pathway in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2018Article
- Cigarette smoke exposure worsens acute lung injury in antibiotic-treated bacterial pneumonia in mice.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2018Article
- Effects of cigarette smoke on pulmonary endothelial cells.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2018Review
- Pulmonary Endothelial Cell Apoptosis in Emphysema and Acute Lung Injury.Advances in anatomy, embryology, and cell biology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Lung endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of emphysema. However, the mechanism underlying cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung EC apoptosis and emphysema is not well defined. We have previously shown that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) decreased focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity via oxidative stress in cultured lung EC. In this study, we compared FAK activation in the lungs of highly susceptible AKR mice and mildly susceptible C57BL/6 mice after exposure to CS for three weeks. We found that three weeks of CS exposure caused mild emphysema and increased lung EC apoptosis in AKR mice (room air: 12.8±5.6%; CS: 30.7±3.7%), but not in C57BL/6 mice (room air: 0±0%; CS: 3.5±1.7%). Correlated with increased lung EC apoptosis and early onset of emphysema, FAK activity was reduced in the lungs of AKR mice, but not of C57BL/6 mice. Additionally, inhibition of FAK caused lung EC apoptosis, whereas over-expression of FAK prevented CSE-induced lung EC apoptosis. These results suggest that FAK inhibition may contribute to CS-induced lung EC apoptosis and emphysema. Unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy have been shown to be activated by CS exposure in lung epithelial cells. In this study, we noted that CSE activated UPR and autophagy in cultured lung EC, as indicated by enhanced eIF2α phosphorylation and elevated levels of GRP78 and LC3B-II. However, eIF2α phosphorylation was significantly reduced by three-weeks of CS exposure in the lungs of AKR mice, but not of C57BL/6 mice. Markers for autophagy activation were not significantly altered in the lungs of either AKR or C57BL/6 mice. These results suggest that CS-induced impairment of eIF2α signaling may increase the susceptibility to lung EC apoptosis and emphysema. Taken together, our data suggest that inhibition of eIF2α and FAK signaling may play an important role in CS-induced lung EC apoptosis and emphysema.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.