SynthesisActa psychiatrica Scandinavica2014
Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in bipolar disorder: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Temporal trends in associations between severe mental illness and risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Bipolar disorder and the risk for stroke incidence and mortality: a meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Pooled it
- Lifestyle interventions targeting dietary habits and exercise in bipolar disorder: A systematic review.Journal of psychiatric research · 2016Pooled it
- Cardiometabolic Biomarkers at Age 44-45 in the Psychosis Spectrum: The British National Child Development Study.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in psychiatric settings: Context-dependent diagnostic bias and consultation-liaison psychiatry practice.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Non-cardiac and cardiac risk for ischemic stroke in young adults: The Stanford Y-CORE (Young Cardiovascular Outcomes and Risk Evaluation) study.International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society · 2026Article
- The association of eight-year trajectories in total, cognitive-affective, and somatic depressive symptoms with incident stroke: a 10-year follow-up study using HRS and ELSA cohorts.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Do patients with bipolar disorders have an increased risk of stroke? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- The Brain-Heart Axis: An Umbrella Review on Impact of Psychiatric Disease on Incidence, Management, and Outlook of Cardiovascular Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Stroke and suicide among people with severe mental illnesses.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- International Trends in Lithium Use for Pharmacotherapy and Clinical Correlates in Bipolar Disorder: A Scoping Review.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Why is lithium [not] the drug of choice for bipolar disorder? a controversy between science and clinical practice.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2024Review
- Linking hearts and minds: understanding the cardiovascular impact of bipolar disorder.Future cardiology · 2024Review
- Aerobic Exercise Improves the Overall Outcome of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among People With Mental Disorders.Depression and anxiety · 2024Review
- The Cerebellum Gets Social: Evidence from an Exploratory Study of Cerebellar, Neurodevelopmental, and Psychiatric Disorders.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- [COVID-19 and Bipolar Affective Disorder: Subjective Changes in Lifestyle Variables During the First Lockdown During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria].Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie · 2023Article
- Omega-3 fatty acids in bipolar patients with a low omega-3 index and reduced heart rate variability: the "BIPO-3" trial.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2022Article
- Theory of mind profile and cerebellar alterations in remitted bipolar disorder 1 and 2: a comparison study.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- Association Between Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia and Oral Anticoagulation Use in Danish Adults With Incident or Prevalent Atrial Fibrillation.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Comparison of Cerebellar Grey Matter Alterations in Bipolar and Cerebellar Patients: Evidence from Voxel-Based Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo review the evidence on and estimate the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in bipolar disorder.
methodA systematic search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and bibliographies (1946 - May, 2013) was conducted. Case-control and cohort studies of bipolar disorder patients age 15 or older with myocardial infarction or stroke as outcomes were included. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed quality. Estimates of effect were summarized using random-effects meta-analysis.
resultsFive cohort studies including 13 115 911 participants (27 092 bipolar) were included. Due to the use of registers, different statistical methods, and inconsistent adjustment for confounders, there was significant methodological heterogeneity among studies. The exploratory meta-analysis yielded no evidence for a significant increase in the risk of myocardial infarction: [relative risk (RR): 1.09, 95% CI 0.96-1.24, P = 0.20; I(2) = 6%]. While there was evidence of significant study heterogeneity, the risk of stroke in bipolar disorder was significantly increased (RR 1.74, 95% CI 1.29-2.35; P = 0.0003; I(2) = 83%).
conclusionThere may be a differential risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with bipolar disorder. Confidence in these pooled estimates was limited by the small number of studies, significant heterogeneity and dissimilar methodological features.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.