Trial reportHormones & cancer2014
The combination of insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R) antibody cixutumumab and mitotane as a first-line therapy for patients with recurrent/metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma: a multi-institutional NCI-sponsored trial.
Trial report in Hormones & cancer, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lived experience of people with adrenocortical carcinoma and associated adrenal insufficiency.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2022Pooled it
- PD-1 Blockade in Advanced Adrenocortical Carcinoma.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2020Trial
- ENPP3 CAR T cells combined with CD206 modulation suppress adrenocortical carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- IGF-1R inhibitors in cancer: A review of available evidence and future outlook.Critical reviews in oncology/hematology · 2025Review
- The Role of Insulin Resistance in Cancer.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Defactinib in Combination with Mitotane Can Be an Effective Treatment in Human Adrenocortical Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Oncological Management of Adrenocortical Carcinoma: An Update and Critical Review.Oncology and therapy · 2025Review
- Spanish consensus on the diagnosis and management of adrenocortical carcinoma.Endocrine-related cancer · 2025Review
- Frontiers in Systemic Therapy for Unresectable or Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Harnessing Novel Therapeutic Approaches.Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology · 2025Review
- Therapeutic strategies for adrenocortical carcinoma: integrating genomic insights, molecular targeting, and immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Efficacy of systemic therapy in metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma: a meta-analysis of prospective clinical trials.Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England) · 2025Article
- Review
- Systemic Management of Advanced Adrenocortical Carcinoma.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- Current Status and Future Direction in the Treatment of Advanced Adrenocortical Carcinoma.Current oncology reports · 2024Review
- Pediatric Adrenocortical Carcinoma: The Nuts and Bolts of Diagnosis and Treatment and Avenues for Future Discovery.Cancer management and research · 2024Review
- Linsitinib inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of both IGF-1R and TSH-R expressing cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- An integrated single-cell analysis of human adrenal cortex development.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Update on Biology and Genomics of Adrenocortical Carcinomas: Rationale for Emerging Therapies.Endocrine reviews · 2022Article
- Altered expression of theInternational journal of oncology · 2022Article
- Bridging the Scientific Gaps to Identify Effective Treatments in Adrenocortical Cancer.Cancers · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedHasseltine, Elizabeth A [corrected to Hesseltine, Elizabeth A]
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive malignancy, which lacks an effective systemic treatment. Abnormal activation of insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R) has been frequently observed. Preclinical studies demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of IGF1R signaling in ACC has antiproliferative effects. A previous phase I trial with an IGF1R inhibitor has demonstrated biological activity against ACC. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of the combination of the IGF1R inhibitor cixutumumab (IMC-A12) in association with mitotane as a first-line treatment for advanced/metastatic ACC. We conducted a multicenter, randomized double-arm phase II trial in patients with irresectable recurrent/metastatic ACC. The original protocol included two treatment groups: IMC-A12 + mitotane and mitotane as a single agent, after an initial single-arm phase for safety evaluation with IMC-A12 + mitotane. IMC-A12 was dosed at 10 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks. The starting dose for mitotane was 2 g daily, subsequently adjusted according to serum levels/symptoms. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) according to RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors). This study was terminated before the randomization phase due to slow accrual and limited efficacy. Twenty patients (13 males, 7 females) with a median age of 50.2 years (range 21.9-79.6) were enrolled for the single-arm phase. Therapeutic effects were observed in 8/20 patients, including one partial response and seven stable diseases. The median PFS was 6 weeks (range 2.66-48). Toxic events included two grade 4 (hyperglycemia and hyponatremia) and one grade 5 (multiorgan failure). Although the regimen demonstrated activity in some patients, the relatively low therapeutic efficacy precluded further studies with this combination of drugs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.