SynthesisPublic health nutrition2015
Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Synthesis in Public health nutrition, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Dietary salt intake and cardiovascular outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses and dose-response evidence.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Population-level salt intake in the WHO European Region in 2022: a systematic review.Public health nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- The burden of hypertension in Ecuador: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of human hypertension · 2021Pooled it
- Dietary Sodium Intake and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Dietary Sodium Intake and Health Indicators: A Systematic Review of Published Literature between January 2015 and December 2019.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Sodium and Salt Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic-Review and Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Studies and Surveys.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Changes in Diet Composition on Reducing the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease.Current cardiology reports · 2019Pooled it
- Reporting bias in the literature on the associations of health-related behaviors and statins with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality.PLoS biology · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Science of Salt: A Systematic Review of Quality Clinical Salt Outcome Studies June 2014 to May 2015.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2016Pooled it
- Trial
- Effects of a low-sodium diet in patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Trial
- Eating away from home among hypertensive patients in Addis Ababa: frequency and association with blood pressure control.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Consumption of Sodium and Its Ratio to Potassium in Relation to All-Cause, Cause-Specific, and Premature Noncommunicable Disease Mortality in Middle-Aged Japanese Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- A systematic review of data and models for predicting food flavor and texture.Current research in food science · 2025Review
- Global burden of disease from high-sodium diets, 1990-2021: analysis of GBD 2021 data.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- The Nutri-Score Scale-A Tool for Assessing the Nutritional Quality of Processed Meat Products Available on the Polish Market.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Sodium - a systematic review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.Food & nutrition research · 2024Review
- A Review of Healthy Dietary Choices for Cardiovascular Disease: From Individual Nutrients and Foods to Dietary Patterns.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Economic effects of dietary salt reduction policies for cardiovascular disease prevention in Japan: a simulation study of hypothetical scenarios.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe purpose of the present study was to determine whether elevated dietary Na intake could be associated with CVD mortality.
designWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies representing the general population. The adjusted relative risks and their 95 % confidence intervals were pooled by the inverse variance method using random-effects models. Heterogeneity, publication bias, subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed. Settings MEDLINE (since 1973), Embase (since 1975), the Cochrane Library (since 1976), ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar (until September 2013) and secondary referencing were searched for inclusion in the study. Subject Eleven prospective studies with 229 785 participants and average follow-up period of 13.37 years (range 5.5-19 years).
resultsHigher Na intake was significantly associated with higher CVD mortality (relative risk=1.12; 95 % CI 1.06, 1.19). In the sensitivity analysis, the exclusion of studies with important relative weights did not significantly affect the results (relative risk=1.08; 95 % CI 1.01, 1.15). The meta-regression analysis showed that for every increase of 10 mmol/d in Na intake, CVD mortality increased significantly by 1 % (P=0.016). Age, hypertensive status and length of follow-up were also associated with increased CVD mortality.
conclusionsHigher Na intake was associated with higher CVD mortality in the general population; this result suggests a reduction in Na intake to prevent CVD mortality from any cause.
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