Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24848597›Full record

ArticleQuality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation2014

A comparison of three methods of assessing differential item functioning (DIF) in the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale: ordinal logistic regression, Rasch analysis and the Mantel chi-square procedure.

Isobel M Cameron, Neil W Scott, Mats Adler, Ian C Reid

Registry-linked trialAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05827406 (Ett Användbart Stödsystem för Psykiatrisk Diagnostik Och uppföljning Inom Vuxenpsykiatri Och Primärvård), which is not on this map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
5.2field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05827406 recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Ett Användbart Stödsystem för Psykiatrisk Diagnostik Och uppföljning Inom Vuxenpsykiatri Och Primärvård (ASPP)

TypeobservationalSponsorKarolinska InstitutetRan2023 to 2026Enrolled2,200ConditionsMental Disorder, Symptoms and Signs
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Tree-based item-response theory model for evaluating differential item functioning in patient-reported outcome measures: a web-based R Shiny implementation.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025
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  2. Unsupervised item response theory models for assessing sample heterogeneity in patient-reported outcomes measures.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024
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  13. Loneliness in adolescence: a Rasch analysis of the Perth A-loneness scale.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2021
    Article
  14. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) accuracy in cancer patients.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2020
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Isobel M CameronPsychiatry Group, Division of Applied Medicine, Royal Cornhill Hospital, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZH, Scotland, UK, i.m.cameron@abdn.ac.uk.
Neil W Scott
Mats Adler
Ian C Reid
University of Aberdeen · GBKarolinska Institutet · SE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeIt is important for clinical practice and research that measurement scales of well-being and quality of life exhibit only minimal differential item functioning (DIF). DIF occurs where different groups of people endorse items in a scale to different extents after being matched by the intended scale attribute. We investigate the equivalence or otherwise of common methods of assessing DIF.

methodThree methods of measuring age- and sex-related DIF (ordinal logistic regression, Rasch analysis and Mantel χ(2) procedure) were applied to Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) data pertaining to a sample of 1,068 patients consulting primary care practitioners.

resultsThree items were flagged by all three approaches as having either age- or sex-related DIF with a consistent direction of effect; a further three items identified did not meet stricter criteria for important DIF using at least one method. When applying strict criteria for significant DIF, ordinal logistic regression was slightly less sensitive.

conclusionsOrdinal logistic regression, Rasch analysis and contingency table methods yielded consistent results when identifying DIF in the HADS depression and HADS anxiety scales. Regardless of methods applied, investigators should use a combination of statistical significance, magnitude of the DIF effect and investigator judgement when interpreting the results.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAnxietyDepressionFemaleHospitalsHumansLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedQuality of LifeSurveys and QuestionnairesTest Anxiety Scale

Identifiers

PMID24848597
OpenAlexW2021141958

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.