Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24847854›Full record

SynthesisThe American journal of clinical nutrition2014

Nut consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cheng Luo, Yan Zhang, Yusong Ding, Zhilei Shan, Sijing Chen, Miao Yu, Frank B Hu, Liegang Liu

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 101 papers, 24 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
101citing papers in PubMed, 24 pooled it
17.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03084003 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Almond Consumption on Cardiovascular, Metabolomic, and Microbiome Profiles in Millennials: Implications of Systemic Glucoregulatory Mechanisms

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, MercedRan2016 to 2019Enrolled74ConditionsDiet InterventionArmsAlmonds, Graham crackers
NCT03224533 completednot on this mapstarted 2015, after this paper: background citation

Association Between Walnut Consumption and Diabetes Risk in NHANES May be Gender Sex Specific

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of California, Los AngelesRan2015 to 2017Enrolled34,121ConditionsDiabetes MellitusArmsDiabetes Outcome
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

101 citing papers in PubMed, 24 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 250 citations in OpenAlex.

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  11. Effects of Hazelnut Consumption on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Acceptance: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
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  20. Guideline

41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Cheng LuoFrom the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (CL, YZ, YD, ZS, SC, MY, and LL); the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (CL, YZ, YD, ZS, SC, MY, and LL); and the Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (FBH).
Yan ZhangFrom the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (CL, YZ, YD, ZS, SC, MY, and LL); the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (CL, YZ, YD, ZS, SC, MY, and LL); and the Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (FBH).
Yusong DingFrom the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (CL, YZ, YD, ZS, SC, MY, and LL); the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (CL, YZ, YD, ZS, SC, MY, and LL); and the Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (FBH).
Zhilei ShanFrom the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (CL, YZ, YD, ZS, SC, MY, and LL); the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (CL, YZ, YD, ZS, SC, MY, and LL); and the Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (FBH).
Sijing ChenFrom the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (CL, YZ, YD, ZS, SC, MY, and LL); the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (CL, YZ, YD, ZS, SC, MY, and LL); and the Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (FBH).
Miao YuFrom the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (CL, YZ, YD, ZS, SC, MY, and LL); the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (CL, YZ, YD, ZS, SC, MY, and LL); and the Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (FBH).
Frank B HuFrom the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (CL, YZ, YD, ZS, SC, MY, and LL); the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (CL, YZ, YD, ZS, SC, MY, and LL); and the Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (FBH).
Liegang LiuFrom the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (CL, YZ, YD, ZS, SC, MY, and LL); the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China (CL, YZ, YD, ZS, SC, MY, and LL); and the Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (FBH).
Ministry of Education · KR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEpidemiologic studies have shown inverse associations between nut consumption and diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and all-cause mortality, but results have not been consistent.

objectiveWe assessed the relation between nut intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes, CVD, and all-cause mortality.

designWe searched PubMed and EMBASE for all prospective cohort studies published up to March 2013 with RRs and 95% CIs for outcomes of interest. A random-effects model was used to pool risk estimates across studies.

resultsIn 31 reports from 18 prospective studies, there were 12,655 type 2 diabetes, 8862 CVD, 6623 ischemic heart disease (IHD), 6487 stroke, and 48,818 mortality cases. The RR for each incremental serving per day of nut intake was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.94) for type 2 diabetes without adjustment for body mass index; with adjustment, the association was attenuated [RR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.16; NS]. In the multivariable-adjusted model, pooled RRs (95% CIs) for each serving per day of nut consumption were 0.72 (0.64, 0.81) for IHD, 0.71 (0.59, 0.85) for CVD, and 0.83 (0.76, 0.91) for all-cause mortality. Pooled RRs (95% CIs) for the comparison of extreme quantiles of nut intake were 1.00 (0.84, 1.19; NS) for type 2 diabetes, 0.66 (0.55, 0.78) for IHD, 0.70 (0.60, 0.81) for CVD, 0.91 (0.81, 1.02; NS) for stroke, and 0.85 (0.79, 0.91) for all-cause mortality.

conclusionsOur meta-analysis indicates that nut intake is inversely associated with IHD, overall CVD, and all-cause mortality but not significantly associated with diabetes and stroke. The inverse association between the consumption of nuts and diabetes was attenuated after adjustment for body mass index. These findings support recommendations to include nuts as part of a healthy dietary pattern for the prevention of chronic diseases.

Indexed as

DietNutsCardiovascular DiseasesDatabases, FactualDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2HumansIncidenceRisk FactorsSensitivity and Specificity

Identifiers

PMID24847854
OpenAlexW2111166020

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.