ReviewImmunologic research2014
The immune system and hypertension.
Review in Immunologic research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Publications on the Associations Between Sleep Architecture and Arterial Hypertension.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2023Pooled it
- Review
- Shared Genetics of Hypertension and Preeclampsia Converges on Immune Regulation.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Hypertension and epigenetic aging: socio-biological pathways of health disparity.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
- Review
- The Effects of Hypertension on Signaling Dynamics in Rare Renal Cell Types.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Nephron-associated Support Cell Transcriptional Plasticity Expands in Hypertension.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A hypothesis and evidence map for neuroimmune regulation of DOCK-family cytoskeletal programs in solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Primary Immunodeficiency Registry System: The Minimum Data Set Designing Phase-A Systematic Review and Quantitative Delphi Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Dengue Myocarditis: A Retrospective Study From 2019 to 2023 in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh.Cureus · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy for hypertensive end-organ damage: a new therapeutic strategy.Essays in biochemistry · 2025Review
- Development of a predictive model for immune‑related adverse events in patients with cancer.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Hypertension is associated with the reduction in epidermal small fibres independently of sural nerve inflammation in type 2 diabetic subjects.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Article
- Direct simulation of hypertensive stress on endothelial cells: a streamlined model of in-vitro-hypertension.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Hypertension: A Continuing Public Healthcare Issue.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Primary Dengue and Long-Term Health Status in Madeira Island, Portugal: A Retrospective Questionnaire-Based Study.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- An orally administered bacterial membrane protein nanodrug ameliorates doxorubicin cardiotoxicity through alleviating impaired intestinal barrier.Bioactive materials · 2024Article
- HIV-Associated Hypertension: Risks, Mechanisms, and Knowledge Gaps.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Safety and clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced gastric cancer in the real world.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Article
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A powerful interaction between the autonomic and the immune systems plays a prominent role in the initiation and maintenance of hypertension and significantly contributes to cardiovascular pathology, end-organ damage and mortality. Studies have shown consistent association between hypertension, proinflammatory cytokines and the cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. The sympathetic nervous system, a major determinant of hypertension, innervates the bone marrow, spleen and peripheral lymphatic system and is proinflammatory, whereas the parasympathetic nerve activity dampens the inflammatory response through α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The neuro-immune synapse is bidirectional as cytokines may enhance the sympathetic activity through their central nervous system action that in turn increases the mobilization, migration and infiltration of immune cells in the end organs. Kidneys may be infiltrated by immune cells and mesangial cells that may originate in the bone marrow and release inflammatory cytokines that cause renal damage. Hypertension is also accompanied by infiltration of the adventitia and perivascular adipose tissue by inflammatory immune cells including macrophages. Increased cytokine production induces myogenic and structural changes in the resistance vessels, causing elevated blood pressure. Cardiac hypertrophy in hypertension may result from the mechanical afterload and the inflammatory response to resident or migratory immune cells. Toll-like receptors on innate immune cells function as sterile injury detectors and initiate the inflammatory pathway. Finally, abnormalities of innate immune cells and the molecular determinants of their activation that include toll-like receptor, adrenergic, cholinergic and AT1 receptors can define the severity of inflammation in hypertension. These receptors are putative therapeutic targets.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.