ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2014
Atherogenesis and iron: from epidemiology to cellular level.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 162 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of intravenous iron therapy on mortality and cardiovascular events of patients on hemodialysis: A meta-analysis.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Pooled it
- A Review ofNutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Association of Nutrient-, Food-, and Lifestyle-Based Oxidative Balance Scores with Liver Enzymes in Older Adults Across Cardiovascular-Risk Groups.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- MLK3 promotes atherosclerosis by regulating ferroptosis in macrophages.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Article
- Iron Dysregulation and Vascular Diseases: A Contemporary Review.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Review
- Unraveling the Link: Ferroptosis and Its Implications in Cerebrovascular Diseases.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Novel insights of ferroptosis in atherosclerosis progression.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Iron in Vascular Calcification: Pro-Calcific Agent or Protective Modulator?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Macrophage P2Y12 regulates iron transport and its inhibition protects against atherosclerosis.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- Red meat vs. white meat: A comparative analysis of histological characteristics, nutritional profiles, and health implications.Food chemistry: X · 2025Review
- Iron-dependent lysosomal LDL oxidation induces the expression of scavenger receptor A in human THP-1 monocytes.FEBS open bio · 2025Article
- Impact of Hemoglobin and Iron Deficiency on Mortality in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Intensive Care Units: A Retrospective Study from MIMIC-IV.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Major heme proteins hemoglobin and myoglobin with respect to their roles in oxidative stress - a brief review.Frontiers in chemistry · 2025Review
- Iron Overload and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- The Role of Thalidomide and Its Analogs in the Treatment of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Iron Dysregulation in Cardiovascular Diseases.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Dietary intakes of total, nonheme, and heme iron and hypertension risk: a longitudinal study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.European journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- The accumulation of erythrocytes quantified and visualized by Glycophorin C in carotid atherosclerotic plaque reflects intraplaque hemorrhage and pre-procedural neurological symptoms.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The effect of circulating iron on barrier integrity of primary human endothelial cells.Scientific reports · 2023Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Iron accumulates in human atherosclerotic lesions but whether it is a cause or simply a downstream consequence of the atheroma formation has been an open question for decades. According to the so called "iron hypothesis," iron is believed to be detrimental for the cardiovascular system, thus promoting atherosclerosis development and progression. Iron, in its catalytically active form, can participate in the generation of reactive oxygen species and induce lipid-peroxidation, triggering endothelial activation, smooth muscle cell proliferation and macrophage activation; all of these processes are considered to be proatherogenic. On the other hand, the observation that hemochromatotic patients, affected by life-long iron overload, do not show any increased incidence of atherosclerosis is perceived as the most convincing evidence against the "iron hypothesis." Epidemiological studies and data from animal models provided conflicting evidences about the role of iron in atherogenesis. Therefore, more careful studies are needed in which issues like the source and the compartmentalization of iron will be addressed. This review article summarizes what we have learnt about iron and atherosclerosis from epidemiological studies, animal models and cellular systems and highlights the rather contributory than innocent role of iron in atherogenesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.