ArticleEuropean journal of neurology2014
Vitamin D and cognitive function and dementia risk in a biracial cohort: the ARIC Brain MRI Study.
Article in European journal of neurology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of vitamin D with risk of dementiaFrontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Association between vitamin D concentration and delirium in hospitalized patients: A meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease: an updated meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2019Pooled it
- Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2017Pooled it
- Metabolic signatures, vitamin D, and red cell distribution width in dementia risk: UK Biobank insights.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Vitamin D deficiency and disease conditions relevant to: Orthopaedic translation.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Review
- Circulating neurodegenerative brain injury markers and hip fracture and fall hospitalizations: the Cardiovascular Health Study.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2025Article
- The Neuroprotective Potential of Vitamin DNutrients · 2025Review
- Article
- Is There a Role of Vitamin D in Alzheimer's Disease?CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2024Review
- The Influence of Vitamin D Status on Cognitive Ability in Patients with Bipolar Disorder and Healthy Controls.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Vitamin D Status Over Time and Cognitive Function in Norwegian Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort of the HUNT Study.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2023Article
- Low Serum Vitamin D Status Is Associated with Incident Alzheimer's Dementia in the Oldest Old.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Comparing the Evidence from Observational Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials for Nonskeletal Health Effects of Vitamin D.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Association between Vitamin D and Cognitive Deficiency in Alcohol Dependence.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with risk of dementia among individuals with type 2 diabetes: A cohort study in the UK Biobank.PLoS medicine · 2022Article
- The psychotropic effect of vitamin D supplementation on schizophrenia symptoms.BMC psychiatry · 2021Article
- Vitamin D status, cognitive decline and incident dementia: the Canadian Study of Health and Aging.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2020Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeSome recent studies in older, largely white populations suggest that vitamin D, measured by 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], is important for cognition, but such results may be affected by reverse causation. Measuring 25(OH)D in late middle age before poor cognition affects behavior may provide clearer results.
methodsThis was a prospective cohort analysis of 1652 participants (52% white, 48% black) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Brain MRI Study. 25(OH)D was measured from serum collected in 1993-1995. Cognition was measured by the delayed word recall test (DWRT), the digit symbol substitution test (DSST) and the word fluency test (WFT). Dementia hospitalization was defined by ICD-9 codes. Adjusted linear, logistic and Cox proportional hazards models were used.
resultsMean age of participants was 62 years and 60% were female. Mean 25(OH)D was higher in whites than blacks (25.5 vs. 17.3 ng/ml, P < 0.001). Lower 25(OH)D was not associated with lower baseline scores or with greater DWRT, DSST or WFT decline over a median of 3 or 10 years of follow-up (P > 0.05). Over a median of 16.6 years, there were 145 incident hospitalized dementia cases. Although not statistically significant, lower levels of 25(OH)D were suggestive of an association with increased dementia risk [hazard ratio for lowest versus highest race-specific tertile: whites 1.32 (95% confidence interval 0.69, 2.55); blacks 1.53 (95% confidence interval 0.84, 2.79)].
conclusionsIn contrast to prior studies performed in older white populations, our study of late middle age white and black participants did not find significant associations between lower levels of 25(OH)D with lower cognitive test scores at baseline, change in scores over time or dementia risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.