ArticleJournal of diabetes investigation2013
Effects of walking on medical cost: A quantitative evaluation by simulation focusing on diabetes.
Article in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cost-Effectiveness of Gamification, Financial Incentives, or Both to Increase Physical Activity Among Patients With Elevated Risk for Cardiovascular Disease.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2025Trial
- High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Middle-Aged and Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial of the Acute Effects of Treadmill Walking on Glycemic Control.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Trial
- Impact of cycling and walking on adiposity and healthcare costs among adults: longitudinal study.Cadernos de saude publica · 2024Article
- Analysis and prediction of older adult sports participation in South Korea using artificial neural networks and logistic regression models.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- The value of walking: a systematic review on mobility and healthcare costs.European review of aging and physical activity : official journal of the European Group for Research into Elderly and Physical Activity · 2022Review
- The Trends of Medical Care Expenditure with Adjustment of Lifestyle Habits and Medication; 10-Year Retrospective Follow-Up Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Associations Between Vaspin Rs2236242 Gene Polymorphism, Walking Time and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome.Balkan journal of medical genetics : BJMG · 2019Article
- Effects of a Lifestyle-Based Physical Activity Intervention on Medical Expenditure in Japanese Adults: A Community-Based Retrospective Study.BioMed research international · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
AIMS/
introductionRecently, the prevalence of lifestyle-related disease has increased, and its associated medical costs have become considerable. Although walking is thought to prevent lifestyle-related disease, few studies have evaluated its effect on medical costs in Japanese subjects. We aimed at evaluating the effect of walking on medical costs by simulation mainly focusing on diabetes in the Japanese population. MATERIALS AND
methodsA Markov model focusing on diabetes was constructed. As complications of diabetes, 'dialysis', 'ischemic heart disease' and 'stroke' were included. The model has four states: 'non-diabetes', 'diabetes', 'dialysis' and 'dead', and 'ischemic heart disease' and 'stroke' were included as events that occurred in each state. The effect of walking was included as changing the rate of transition and incident rates of events.
resultsAfter 10 years, the numbers of subjects with diabetes were 4.3 and 7.3% lower for daily increase of 3,000 and 5,000 steps, respectively. The numbers of cases of ischemic heart disease and stroke also decreased. Lower medical costs were also seen according to the daily increase in steps. In 10 years, the total medical costs were 5.2 and 8.4% lower for 3,000 and 5,000 steps increase, respectively. The cost reduction associated with a daily increase of 3,000 steps walked was calculated as ¥0.00146 for each step.
conclusionsWalking is one of the most common and accessible forms of exercises. The present results suggested that walking reduced the medical costs associated with lifestyle-related disease, which will have a large impact on health policy.
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Registered trials
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