Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24843596›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes investigation2012

Present status of insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes treated by general practitioners and diabetes specialists in Japan: Third report of a cross-sectional survey of 15,652 patients.

Keiko Arai, Masahiko Takai, Koichi Hirao, Ikuro Matsuba, Kiyokazu Matoba, Hiroshi Takeda, Akira Kanamori, Mikio Yamauchi, Hisao Mori, Yasuo Terauchi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Trends in the Management of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Japanese Practitioners.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Poor glycemic control as a reason for referral of diabetes patients to specialists in Israel.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2016
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Keiko AraiThe Japanese Medical and Dental Practitioners for the Improvement of Medical Care, Tokyo.
Masahiko TakaiThe Japanese Medical and Dental Practitioners for the Improvement of Medical Care, Tokyo.
Koichi HiraoThe Japanese Medical and Dental Practitioners for the Improvement of Medical Care, Tokyo.
Ikuro MatsubaThe Japanese Medical and Dental Practitioners for the Improvement of Medical Care, Tokyo.
Kiyokazu MatobaThe Japanese Medical and Dental Practitioners for the Improvement of Medical Care, Tokyo.
Hiroshi TakedaThe Japanese Medical and Dental Practitioners for the Improvement of Medical Care, Tokyo.
Akira KanamoriThe Japanese Medical and Dental Practitioners for the Improvement of Medical Care, Tokyo.
Mikio YamauchiHealth Education Center Science Clinic.
Hisao MoriThe Japanese Medical and Dental Practitioners for the Improvement of Medical Care, Tokyo.
Yasuo TerauchiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

unlabelledAims/Introduction:  Insulin therapy is often required to achieve good glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, some providers, particularly general practitioners (GPs), are reluctant to prescribe insulin to their patients. The aim of the present study was to clarify any differences in, as well as any problems associated with, insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes being treated by either a GP or a diabetes specialist in Japan. MATERIALS AND

methodsOf 15,652 patients across 721 clinics and hospitals, 15,350 were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (14,312 by GPs and 1038 by specialists). Data regarding glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, age, height, bodyweight and treatment modality were collected for each patient.

resultsOf the patients with type 2 diabetes, 9.1 and 22.9% had been prescribed insulin monotherapy, and 38.8 and 37.0% were also receiving insulin with an oral antidiabetic (OAD) by GPs or specialists, respectively. Diabetes specialists prescribed analog insulin more frequently than did GPs. GPs chose premixed insulin more frequently than did specialists, and this factor correlated with higher HbA1c levels. A younger age and daily insulin dose in groups being treated by both providers were correlated with high HbA1c levels on insulin monotherapy. Neither type of insulin nor OAD was correlated with HbA1c on insulin plus OAD therapy.

conclusionsTo achieve better glycemic control with insulin therapy, sufficient insulin dose and intensive treatment regimen, in addition to lifestyle interventions, might be necessary. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2012.00198.x, 2012).

Indexed as

General practitionerInsulin therapyType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID24843596
PMCPMC4019261

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.