ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014
Trichomonas vaginalis homolog of macrophage migration inhibitory factor induces prostate cell growth, invasiveness, and inflammatory responses.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical performance of the Solana® Point-of-Care Trichomonas Assay from clinician-collected vaginal swabs and urine specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic women.Expert review of molecular diagnostics · 2017Trial
- Crystal structure of Plasmodium vivax macrophage migration inhibitory factor.Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications · 2026Article
- Chemotaxis and selective interactions ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Giardia duodenalis MIF induces host intestinal damage via CD74 receptor mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor of zoonoticiScience · 2026Article
- Influence of DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility on regulation of gene expression duringmBio · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Biology, Host and Microbe Interactions of the Human Sexually Transmitted ParasiteInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- History of Vasectomy Is not Associated With Prostate Cancer Progression in Men on Active Surveillance.The Prostate · 2025Article
- Microbiome in prostate cancer: pathogenic mechanisms, multi-omics diagnostics, and synergistic therapies.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Roles of efflux pumps and nitroreductases in metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- Iron triggersmBio · 2025Article
- Targeting histone acetylation to overcome drug resistance in the parasitebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Helminth-induced immune modulation in colorectal cancer: exploring therapeutic applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Structures of Trichomonas vaginalis macrophage migratory inhibitory factor.Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications · 2024Article
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- Obesity, dietary interventions and microbiome alterations in the development and progression of prostate cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The role of epigenetics in women's reproductive health: the impact of environmental factors.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- The Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) and D-Dopachrome Tautomerase (D-DT/MIF-2) in Infections: A Clinical Perspective.Biomedicines · 2023Review
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The human-infective parasite Trichomonas vaginalis causes the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Infections in men may result in colonization of the prostate and are correlated with increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer. We have found that T. vaginalis secretes a protein, T. vaginalis macrophage migration inhibitory factor (TvMIF), that is 47% similar to human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (HuMIF), a proinflammatory cytokine. Because HuMIF is reported to be elevated in prostate cancer and inflammation plays an important role in the initiation and progression of cancers, we have explored a role for TvMIF in prostate cancer. Here, we show that TvMIF has tautomerase activity, inhibits macrophage migration, and is proinflammatory. We also demonstrate that TvMIF binds the human CD74 MIF receptor with high affinity, comparable to that of HuMIF, which triggers activation of ERK, Akt, and Bcl-2-associated death promoter phosphorylation at a physiologically relevant concentration (1 ng/mL, 80 pM). TvMIF increases the in vitro growth and invasion through Matrigel of benign and prostate cancer cells. Sera from patients infected with T. vaginalis are reactive to TvMIF, especially in males. The presence of anti-TvMIF antibodies indicates that TvMIF is released by the parasite and elicits host immune responses during infection. Together, these data indicate that chronic T. vaginalis infections may result in TvMIF-driven inflammation and cell proliferation, thus triggering pathways that contribute to the promotion and progression of prostate cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.