ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014
Exploring the collaboration between antibiotics and the immune response in the treatment of acute, self-limiting infections.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers.
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Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed.
- Two-dayTherapeutic advances in respiratory diseaseTrial
- Modelling immune gene expression profiles as pharmacodynamic endpoints of antileishmanial treatment.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- A mechanism-based model of immune status effects on antibiotic PK/PD targets in bacteremia.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2026Article
- Uridine and pyruvate supplementation is associated with Th1 polarization during mitotoxic antibiotic therapy.iScience · 2026Article
- Climate change and antimicrobial resistance.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Simulating the host niche: balancing complexity and control in the experimental evolution of antibiotic resistance and pathoadaptation.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2026Review
- Antibody-Antibiotic Conjugates: Mechanisms, Clinical Progress, and Next-Generation Strategies Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Host niche-specific challenges hindering the treatment of polymicrobial infections.Journal of bacteriology · 2025Review
- Antibiotic killing of drug-induced bacteriostatic cells.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Synergy between immune system and antibiotics drives infection control in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The joint action of antibiotics, bacteriophage, and the innate immune response in the treatment of bacterial infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Unlocking the potential of experimental evolution to study drug resistance in pathogenic fungi.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2024Review
- Toward better cures forClinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- OMP38 of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii-Mediated mtDNA Release Activates the cGAS-STING Signaling to Induce Inflammatory Response.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Acquired amphotericin B resistance leads to fitness trade-offs that can be mitigated by compensatory evolution in Candida auris.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Triggering Toll-Like Receptor 5 Signaling During Pneumococcal Superinfection Prevents the Selection of Antibiotic Resistance.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Collateral sensitivity counteracts the evolution of antifungal drug resistance in Candida auris.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Antibiotic killing of drug-induced bacteriostatic cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Immunoinhibitory effects of anti-tuberculosis therapy induce the host vulnerability to tuberculosis recurrence.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Therapeutic developments for tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2024Review
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The successful treatment of bacterial infections is the product of a collaboration between antibiotics and the host's immune defenses. Nevertheless, in the design of antibiotic treatment regimens, few studies have explored the combined action of antibiotics and the immune response to clearing infections. Here, we use mathematical models to examine the collective contribution of antibiotics and the immune response to the treatment of acute, self-limiting bacterial infections. Our models incorporate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the antibiotics, the innate and adaptive immune responses, and the population and evolutionary dynamics of the target bacteria. We consider two extremes for the antibiotic-immune relationship: one in which the efficacy of the immune response in clearing infections is directly proportional to the density of the pathogen; the other in which its action is largely independent of this density. We explore the effect of antibiotic dose, dosing frequency, and term of treatment on the time before clearance of the infection and the likelihood of antibiotic-resistant bacteria emerging and ascending. Our results suggest that, under most conditions, high dose, full-term therapy is more effective than more moderate dosing in promoting the clearance of the infection and decreasing the likelihood of emergence of antibiotic resistance. Our results also indicate that the clinical and evolutionary benefits of increasing antibiotic dose are not indefinite. We discuss the current status of data in support of and in opposition to the predictions of this study, consider those elements that require additional testing, and suggest how they can be tested.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.