ArticleCancer2014
Risk of second primary tumors in men diagnosed with prostate cancer: a population-based cohort study.
Article in Cancer, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of secondary rectal cancer and colon cancer after radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a meta-analysis.International journal of colorectal disease · 2018Pooled it
- Secondary Cancers After Radiation Therapy for Primary Prostate or Rectal Cancer.World journal of surgery · 2016Pooled it
- Second malignancies after radiotherapy for prostate cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2016Pooled it
- Effects of Radiation Therapy on the Incidence of Bladder Cancer and Rectal Cancer in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Nationwide Nested Case-Control Study in Korean Population.The world journal of men's health · 2026Article
- Risk of second primary malignancies in prostate cancer patients: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results population-based study.Asian journal of urology · 2026Article
- Comprehensive genomic insights into the genetic causality and comorbidity in urological cancers.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Article
- Second primary cancers among males with a first primary prostate cancer: a population-based study in Northern Portugal.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Secondary Cancer in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With Advanced External Beam Radiation Therapy.International journal of particle therapy · 2024Article
- Risk factors for secondary bladder cancer following prostate cancer radiotherapy.Translational andrology and urology · 2024Review
- Receipt of follow-up care plans on colorectal cancer screening among breast, prostate, and lung cancer survivors.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2024Article
- Double Primary Cancer of the Prostate and Urothelial Cancer: A Single Institution Experience.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Variation in patterns of second primary malignancies across U.S. race and ethnicity groups: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) analysis.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Article
- Colorectal cancer screening utilization among breast, cervical, prostate, skin, and lung cancer survivors.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2024Article
- Causal relationship between prostate cancer and 12 types of cancers: multivariable and bidirectional Mendelian randomization analyses.International urology and nephrology · 2024Article
- Association of radiotherapy for prostate cancer and second primary colorectal cancer: a US population-based analysis.Techniques in coloproctology · 2023Article
- Trends and age, sex, and race disparities in time to second primary cancer from 1990 to 2019.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Risk of colorectal adenocarcinoma in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer; a nationwide cohort study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2023Article
- Is Systemic Immunosuppression a Risk Factor for Oral Cancer? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancers · 2023Review
- Clinical outcomes and treatment patterns in REASSURE: planned interim analysis of a real-world observational study of radium-223 in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe survival of men diagnosed with prostate cancer has improved over time, and the current 10-year relative survival rate is 99.7%. The long survival of patients with this common cancer raises questions about the risk of a second primary cancer and the need for continued surveillance.
methodsA population-based cohort of 441,504 men who were diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1992 and 2010 was identified from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER) data (SEER13). The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated as an estimate of the risk of a second primary malignancy based on the incidence in the general population.
resultsProstate cancer survivors had a lower risk of being diagnosed with another cancer overall compared with the US population (SIR = 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.60-0.61). The risks of leukemia and cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, esophagus, stomach, colon and rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, lung and bronchus, and larynx were significantly lower. Conversely, these patients had a greater risk of bladder, kidney, and endocrine and soft tissue cancers. Men who received treatment with radiation therapy (external-beam radiation therapy) had long-term increases in their risk of bladder cancer (SIR = 1.42) and rectal cancer (SIR = 1.70) risk compared with who did not receive radiation (SIRbladder = 0.76; SIRrectal = 0.74). There were significant racial differences in the risk of being diagnosed with a second primary cancer, and the magnitude and direction of these risks depended on tumor type.
conclusionsProstate cancer survivors remain at risk of subsequent malignancies, and race and treatment choice important determinants of long-term risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.