ArticlePloS one2014
Tobacco smoking increases immune activation and impairs T-cell function in HIV infected patients on antiretrovirals: a cross-sectional pilot study.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions for tobacco use cessation in people living with HIV and AIDS.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial testing the efficacy and safety of varenicline for smokers with HIV.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Trial
- Short Communication: The Effect of Rosuvastatin on Vascular Disease Differs by Smoking Status in Treated HIV Infection.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2018Trial
- Smoking, Gender, and Overweight Are Important Influencing Factors on Monocytic HLA-DR before and after Major Cancer Surgery.BioMed research international · 2017Trial
- Article
- HIV-HPV interactions via extracellular vesicles among tobacco smokers and nonsmokers.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2025Article
- A multi-ancestry cerebral cortex transcriptome-wide association study identifies genes associated with smoking behaviors.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Exploring the associations of tobacco smoking and serum cotinine levels with selected inflammatory markers in adults with HIV in South Africa.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Relationship between Smoking and Susceptibility to HIV Infection: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- The Impact of Smoking on Long-Term Protection Following Hepatitis B Vaccination: A 24-Year Cohort Study.Viruses · 2024Article
- Persistently Elevated Expression of Systemic, Soluble Co-Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint Molecules in People Living with HIV before and One Year after Antiretroviral Therapy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Observational
- Case Report: Primary Cutaneous Histoplasmosis in an Immunocompetent Patient After Cosmetic Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma Treated with Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole.The American journal of case reports · 2024Article
- The impacts of tobacco and nicotine on HIV-1 infection, inflammation, and the blood-brain barrier in the central nervous system.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Effects of a Video-Based Intervention for Smoking Cessation Among People with HIV in Kathmandu, Nepal: A Single-Armed Pilot Study.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Cigarette Smoke Modulates Inflammation and ImmunityAntioxidants & redox signaling · 2023Review
- Initial and ongoing tobacco smoking elicits vascular damage and distinct inflammatory response linked to neurodegeneration.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, and illicit drug use and their association with CD4/CD8 cell count ratio in people with controlled HIV: a cross-sectional study (ANRS CO3 AQUIVIH-NA-QuAliV).BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Article
- No smoke without fire: the impact of cigarette smoking on the immune control of tuberculosis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Review
- Monocyte count and soluble markers of monocyte activation in people living with HIV and uninfected controls.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe influence of tobacco smoking on the immune system of HIV infected individuals is largely unknown. We investigated the impact of tobacco smoking on immune activation, microbial translocation, immune exhaustion and T-cell function in HIV infected individuals.
methodHIV infected smokers and non-smokers (n = 25 each) with documented viral suppression on combination antiretroviral therapy and HIV uninfected smokers and non-smokers (n = 15 each) were enrolled. Markers of immune activation (CD38 and HLA-DR) and immune exhaustion (PD1, Tim3 and CTLA4) were analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by flow cytometry. Plasma markers of microbial translocation (soluble-CD14 - sCD14 and lipopolysaccharide - LPS) were measured. Antigen specific functions of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were measured, by flow cytometry, in PBMCs after 6 hours stimulation with Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and Influenza Virus (CEF) peptide pool.
resultsCompared to non-smokers, smokers of HIV infected and uninfected groups showed significantly higher CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation with increased frequencies of CD38+HLA-DR+ cells with a higher magnitude in HIV infected smokers. Expressions of immune exhaustion markers (PD1, Tim3 and CTLA4) either alone or in combinations were significantly higher in smokers, especially on CD4+ T-cells. Compared to HIV uninfected non-smokers, microbial translocation (sCD14 and LPS) was higher in smokers of both groups and directly correlated with CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation. Antigen specific T-cell function showed significantly lower cytokine response of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells to CEF peptide-pool stimulation in smokers of both HIV infected and uninfected groups.
conclusionsOur results suggest that smoking and HIV infection independently influence T-cell immune activation and function and together they present the worst immune profile. Since smoking is widespread among HIV infected individuals, studies are warranted to further evaluate the cumulative effect of smoking on impairment of the immune system and accelerated disease progression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.