SynthesisFood and environmental virology2014
Norovirus outbreaks on commercial cruise ships: a systematic review and new targets for the public health agenda.
Synthesis in Food and environmental virology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic literature review and meta-analysis on preventing and controlling norovirus outbreaks on cruise ships, 1990 to 2020: calling for behaviour change strategies of travellers.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Pooled it
- Immune responses in healthy adults elicited by a bivalent norovirus vaccine candidate composed of GI.4 and GII.4 VLPs without adjuvant.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Trial
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating phase I trial to evaluate safety and immunogenicity of a plant-produced, bivalent, recombinant norovirus-like particle vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of an oral tablet norovirus vaccine, a phase I randomized, placebo-controlled trial.JCI insight · 2018Trial
- Hanta on the Hondius - public health and bioethical perspectives of the recentNew microbes and new infections · 2026Article
- Use of wastewater from passenger ships to assess the movement of COVID-19 and other pathogenic viruses across maritime international boundaries.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with Cruise Ship Travel: A Systematic Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Review
- Between the sea and the sky: A social practice investigation into health behaviours during cruise travel.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2022Article
- Recombinant Noroviruses Circulating in Spain from 2016 to 2020 and Proposal of Two Novel Genotypes within Genogroup I.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Customer perceptions of COVID-19 countermeasures on passenger ships during the pandemic.Transportation research interdisciplinary perspectives · 2022Article
- Review
- Perceptions of cruise travel during the COVID-19 pandemic: Market recovery strategies for cruise businesses in North America.Tourism management · 2021Article
- Lack of cross-transmission of SARS-CoV-2 between passenger's cabins on theBuilding and environment · 2021Article
- Fever in the Returned Pediatric Traveler.Global pediatric health · 2021Review
- Significance of norovirus in occupational health: a review of published norovirus outbreaks in Central and Northern Europe.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2020Review
- Patterns of illness and injury on Antarctic research cruises, 2004-2019: a descriptive analysis.Journal of travel medicine · 2020Article
- Use of medical face masks versus particulate respirators as a component of personal protective equipment for health care workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2020Article
- Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Amplification Platform on an Electrochemical Paper-Based Device for the Detection of Norovirus-Specific DNA.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Outbreak of Acute Gastroenteritis Caused by Norovirus Genogroup II Attributed to Contaminated Cold Dishes on a Cruise Ship in Chongqing, China, 2017.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Quantifying the relative effects of environmental and direct transmission of norovirus.Royal Society open science · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Noroviruses are recognized as the leading cause of human acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide. The rate of outbreaks on cruise ships has grown significantly in recent years. Given the potentially harmful consequences of outbreaks for passengers and crewmembers and the subsequently high costs for cruise companies, disease outbreaks on cruise ships represent a serious public health issue. The aim of our study was to systematically review published studies related to Norovirus outbreaks on commercial cruise ships. We searched the PubMed and Scopus scientific databases. We included eligible studies published from January 1990 to July 2013 that were written in English and described infectious episodes involving at least two passengers and/or crewmembers on a commercial cruise ship. As a result, 15 studies and seven reviews met the inclusion criteria, describing a total of 127 outbreaks. The majority of the cases were reported in Europe and the USA, affecting <1 to 74% of the embarked passengers. In the majority of the studies, stool samples and/or serum specimens from ill passengers were collected and tested for laboratory confirmation. Twelve studies reported that an ad-hoc questionnaire was administered. Fifteen studies investigated the possible source of infection which was contaminated food in the majority of cases. Our findings suggest a strong need for the monitoring and implementation of preventive measures in semi-closed communities, such as cruise ships. It would be advisable to strengthen all relevant initiatives in order to improve the detection of, response to and control of Norovirus outbreaks on cruise ships.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.