ReviewImmunologic research2014
The CD4 T cell response to respiratory syncytial virus infection.
Review in Immunologic research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epitope-specific airway-resident CD4+ T cell dynamics during experimental human RSV infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Trial
- The mRNA-based RSV vaccine mRNA-1345 induces robust and durable CD4Science advances · 2026Article
- Age-related clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infection in hospitalized children: a retrospective study.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Early-life respiratory syncytial virus infection and asthma.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Article
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): A Comprehensive Overview From Basic Biology to Clinical Prevention and Control.Medicinal research reviews · 2026Review
- Pediatric bronchiolitis disease severity is associated with immune checkpoint dysregulation.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Host-pathogen interaction in community-acquired pneumonia: a focus on the immune response.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Dual-Function Adjuvant Cyclosporin A: Enhancing RSV-Specific Humoral Immunity via Treg-Driven B-Cell Activation.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Host Immune Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Children.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Review
- Systemic IL-10 and IFN-γ Levels in Respiratory Syncytial Virus- and Rhinovirus-Infected Bulgarian Children with Acute Bronchiolitis and Their Impact on Clinical Manifestation.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of dual pathogen recognition receptor agonists as adjuvants for respiratory syncytial virus - virus-like particles for pulmonary delivery.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Meeting the Challenge of Controlling Viral Immunopathology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Approaches to the Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Children: Rationale and Progress to Date.Paediatric drugs · 2024Article
- Article
- Interferons-Implications in the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- IgGκ Signal Peptide Enhances the Efficacy of an Influenza Vector Vaccine against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Review and Update of Active and Passive Immunization Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2023Review
- Controlling viral inflammatory lesions by rebalancing immune response patterns.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Intramuscular Inoculation of AS02-Adjuvanted Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) F Subunit Vaccine Shows Better Efficiency and Safety Than Subcutaneous Inoculation in BALB/c Mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can induce severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants and is the leading cause of bronchiolitis in children worldwide. RSV-induced inflammation is believed to contribute substantially to the severity of disease. T helper (Th)2-, Th9-, and Th17-related cytokines are all observed in infants hospitalized following a severe RSV infection. These cytokines cause an influx of inflammatory cells, resulting in mucus production and reduced lung function. Consistent with the data from RSV-infected infants, CD4 T cell production of Interleukin (IL)-9, IL-13, and IL-17 has all been shown to contribute to RSV-induced disease in a murine model of RSV infection. Conversely, murine studies indicate that the combined actions of regulatory factors such as CD4 regulatory T cells and IL-10 inhibit the inflammatory cytokine response and limit RSV-induced disease. In support of this, IL-10 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to severe disease in infants. Insufficient regulation and excess inflammation not only impact disease following primary RSV infection it can also have a major impact following vaccination. Prior immunization with a formalin-inactivated (FI-RSV) vaccine resulted in enhanced disease in infants following a natural RSV infection. A Th2 CD4 T cell response has been implicated to be a major contributor in mediating vaccine-enhanced disease. Thus, future RSV vaccines must induce a balanced CD4 T cell response in order to facilitate viral clearance while inducing proper regulation of the immune response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.