ArticleAddictive behaviors2014
Injection and non-injection drug use and infectious disease in Baltimore City: differences by race.
Article in Addictive behaviors, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Factors Correlating to the Development of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Drug Users-Findings from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Reducing non-injection drug use in HIV primary care: A randomized trial of brief motivational interviewing, with and without HealthCall, a technology-based enhancement.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2017Trial
- Infectious disease complications associated with opioid use disorder at a southern county hospital: a retrospective chart review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The Experiences and Attitudes of Rural Black People who Use Drugs.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Among People Who Use Drugs in Turkey.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Innovative Development of Research Engagement Manual: Strategies to Enhance Recruitment and Retention of Black Individuals in Clinical Trials for Substance Use Disorders.Health equity · 2025Article
- Self-reported hepatitis C(HCV) testing among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH).Heliyon · 2021Article
- A systematic scoping review of research on Black participants in the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2020Article
- Article
- Substance Use Screening in HIV Care Settings: a Review and Critique of the Literature.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2019Review
- The risks of HCV infection among Brazilian crack cocaine users: incorporating diagnostic test uncertainty.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Rural and urban comparisons of polysubstance use profiles and associated injection behaviors among people who inject drugs in Puerto Rico.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2017Article
- The opioid crisis: past, present and future policy climate in Ontario, Canada.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2017Article
- Association between alcohol consumption and injection and sexual risk behaviors among people who inject drugs in rural Puerto Rico.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2017Article
- Have You Talked about It: Advance Care Planning among African Americans Living with HIV in Baltimore.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2017Article
- High proportion of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a low prevalence setting: a retrospective cohort study.Public health · 2016Article
- Comparison of Rapid Point-of-Care Tests for Detection of Antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus.Open forum infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Arrhythmia associated with buprenorphine and methadone reported to the Food and Drug Administration.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2015Article
- Social Networks, Stigma, and Hepatitis C Care Among Women Who Inject Drugs: Findings from A Community Recruited Sample.Journal of psychoactive drugsArticle
- An exploration of alcohol use severity and route of drug administration among persons that use heroin and cocaine.Substance abuseArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe current study examines differences in the prevalence of biologically-confirmed hepatitis C virus (HCV), HIV, and coinfection between Black and White adult cocaine/heroin users across three drug use subgroups identified in previous research (Harrell et al., 2012): non-injection smoking crack/nasal heroin users, heroin injectors, and polydrug injectors.
results59% of the 482 participants in the study were male. Significant race differences emerged between drug use subgroup memberships. Non-injection smoking crack/nasal heroin users were predominantly Black (75%), while heroin injectors and polydrug injectors were predominantly White (69% and 72%, respectively). Polydrug injectors accounted for nearly three quarters of the HCV positive diagnoses in Whites. Though HIV disease status, stratified by race, did not differ significantly between drug use subgroups, the non-injection smoking crack/nasal heroin subgroup contained over half of the HIV positive diagnoses in the sample and was predominantly Black. Despite much lower rates of injection, Blacks (8%) had a higher prevalence of coinfection than Whites (3%; X(2) (2)=6.18, p=.015).
conclusionsThe current findings are consistent with trends in the recent HIV transmission statistics where sexual activity has overtaken injection drug use as a HIV risk factor. The current findings also provide further support to the notion of injection drug use as an exceedingly high-risk behavior for HCV and coinfection, specifically those who are polysubstance injectors.
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