ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2014
Sex, drugs, and trial design: sex influences the heart and drug responses.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between female sex hormones, estrous cycle, ischemic preconditioning and myocardial infarct size after ischemia-reperfusion injury.Basic research in cardiology · 2025Article
- A framework for developing sex-specific engineered heart models.Nature reviews. Materials · 2022Review
- Sex differences underlying preexisting cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular injury in COVID-19.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology · 2020Article
- A Systems Biology Approach to Investigating Sex Differences in Cardiac Hypertrophy.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2017Article
- Androgen-mediated sex bias impairs efficiency of leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors in males.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2017Article
- Sex Hormones and Sex Chromosomes Cause Sex Differences in the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2017Review
- Sex Differences in Metabolic Cardiomyopathy.Cardiovascular research · 2017Article
- The Expanding Complexity of Estrogen Receptor Signaling in the Cardiovascular System.Circulation research · 2016Review
- Male and female hypertrophic rat cardiac myocyte functional responses to ischemic stress and β-adrenergic challenge are different.Biology of sex differences · 2016Article
- Sex differences in the relationship between individual systemic markers of inflammation and pain in knee osteoarthritis.Osteoarthritis and cartilage openArticle
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Preclinical studies indicate that the phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor sildenafil is protective against hypertrophy-induced cardiac remodeling. Despite an initial clinical study demonstrating sildenafil-dependent amelioration of pathological remodeling, the cardioprotective effect of this drug was not significant in a large placebo-controlled clinical trail. In this issue, Sasaki and colleagues reveal that the efficacy of PDE5 inhibition in female mice requires estrogen. Induction of cardiac stress in male and intact female mice resulted in increased activation of protein kinase G (PKG) signaling, which was further enhanced by sildenafil. PKG activity was not enhanced in ovariectomized (OVX) female mice as a result of cardiac stress, but administration of estrogen restored PKG activation and enhancement by sildenafil. These data highlight the importance of considering sex-specific differences and drug responses in clinical trial design.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.